地铁站应急疏散效率影响因素分析及优化策略  

Analysis of factors affecting emergency evacuation efficiency in subway stations and optimization strategies

作　　者：惠阳[1,2] 余强 王永岗[1] 彭辉[1] HUI Yang;YU Qiang;WANG Yong-gang;PENG Hui(School of Transportation Engineering,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710064,Shaanxi,China;School of Humanities,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710064,Shaanxi,China;School of Automobile,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710064,Shaanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]长安大学运输工程学院,陕西西安710064 [2]长安大学人文学院,陕西西安710064 [3]长安大学汽车学院,陕西西安710064

出　　处：《长安大学学报（自然科学版）》2024年第4期130-138,共9页Journal of Chang’an University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52072044);陕西省自然科学基础研究计划项目(2021JQ-295)。

摘　　要：为了提高地铁站突发事件发生时人员的应急疏散效率,通过深入分析搭建影响疏散效率的因素模型,并对各因素对应急疏散的影响进行综合评估。以西安市五路口地铁站为研究对象,运用Pathfinder仿真软件建立了应急疏散仿真模型,以此为基础构建了包括客流特征、设施布局、列车运行和人员特征等一级指标评价模型。在评价模型的构建过程中,采用了算术平均值法、几何平均值法和特征值法进行权重求解,对影响因素的权重进行了全面分析,以准确识别出不同指标下关键应急疏散因子的权重。基于对地铁应急疏散影响因素分析,提出了一系列针对性的优化建议。研究结果表明:高峰列车通行数量、闸机的通行能力、楼梯的通行能力、列车的承载能力、人员的行为特征和扶梯的通行能力等6个因素对地铁应急疏散能力具有重要影响,综合权重占比约为85%,这些因素对地铁站的安全运营具有重要意义。研究结果对地铁站的安全性评价和紧急疏散能力提升具有重要意义,可为地铁运营管理部门提供科学依据和指导。In order to enhance the efficiency of emergency evacuation for passengers in subway stations during emergencies,an in-depth analysis was conducted to construct a model of factors influencing evacuation efficiency and to comprehensively assess the impact of these factors on emergency evacuation.The Xi’an Wulukou Subway Station was chosen as the research subject,using Pathfinder simulation software,an emergency evacuation simulation model was established.Based on this,aprimary indicator evaluation model including passenger flow characteristics,facility layout,train operations,and personnel characteristics was constructed.In the process of constructing the evaluation model,arithmetic mean method,geometric mean method,and characteristic value method were utilized to solve the weights of influencing factors.The weights of influencing factors were analyzed comprehensively to accurately identify the key emergency evacuation factors under different indicators.Based on a thorough analysis of the influencing factors of emergency evacuation in subways,a series of targeted optimization suggestions were proposed.The results show that six factors,including the number of peak-hour train passages,the passage capacity of ticket gates,the passage capacity of stairs,the carrying capacity of trains,the behavioral characteristics of personnel,and the passage capacity of escalators,have significant impacts on the emergency evacuation capability of subway stations,with a combined weight proportion of approximately 85%.These factors are deemed crucial for the safe operation of subway stations.Research findings are of great significance for the safety evaluation and improvement of emergency evacuation capabilities in subway stations,and can providing scientific evidence and guidance for subway operation management departments.10 tabs,5figs,28refs.

关 键 词：交通工程 地铁站 应急疏散效率 层次分析法 PATHFINDER 因子权重比 

分 类 号：U492.1[交通运输工程—交通运输规划与管理]