碳纤维复合材料PCD刀具低温和干式制孔试验研究  

Experimental Study on Hole-making of CFRP by PCD Tool under Cryogenic Cooling and Dry Machining Conditions

作　　者：苏永生 王诚 朱益洋 阮芳涛 刘剑 SU Yongsheng;WANG Cheng;ZHU Yiyang;RUAN Fangtao;LIU Jian(School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering,Anhui Polytechnic University,Anhui Wuhu 241000,China;School of Textile and Garment,Anhui Polytechnic University,Anhui Wuhu 241000,China;Wuhu General Aviation Industry Technology Research Institute of China Electronics Corporation,Anhui Wuhu 241100,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽工程大学机械与汽车工程学院,安徽芜湖241000 [2]安徽工程大学纺织服装学院,安徽芜湖241000 [3]中电科芜湖通用航空产业技术研究院有限公司,安徽芜湖241100

出　　处：《表面技术》2024年第14期157-163,共7页Surface Technology

基　　金：安徽省重点研究与开发计划项目(2022a05020006);安徽省高等学校科学研究重大项目(2022AH040134);安徽工程大学中青年拔尖人才项目;安徽工程大学研究生质量工程项目(2023yzl015);安徽工程大学本科教学质量提升计划项目(2022szyzk66,2023xmskk12)。

摘　　要：目的针对CFRP开展二氧化碳低温冷却和干式条件下的PCD刀具制孔试验研究,从而提高CFRP材料的切削性能、制孔精度及制孔质量。方法在传统钻孔和低温冷却条件下,采用常规和织构PCD刀具开展制孔试验,分析不同切削参数下的轴向推力、总切削力、入口直径和相对误差、表面黏结、孔壁形貌及缺陷的差异性。结果在干式和低温冷却条件下,CFRP钻入过程产生的轴向推力和总切削力均随着进给速度的增大而不断增大;在试验条件下,当进给速度增大时,PCD刀具+干式、PCD刀具+低温及PCD织构刀具+低温3种方式下获得的入口直径相对误差范围分别为0.29%~0.42%、0.57%~1.15%、0.38%~0.89%;与干式加工相比,低温冷却有效抑制了刀具切屑黏结;总体来说,在低温冷却下,孔壁表面有明显的纤维断裂,形成较多的纤维断口坑、微裂纹,树脂表面涂覆均匀性较差。结论在CFRP钻孔过程中,相对于干式钻孔,在相同切削参数下,低温冷却下可以获得更大的切削力;与低温冷却相比,采用干式钻孔能够提高入口直径尺寸的制孔精度,有效提高抗黏结效果;总体来说,相同切削参数下,干式制孔获得的孔壁表面更加平整和均匀。Experimental studies on hole-making with PCD tools under carbon dioxide cryogenic cooling and dry conditions were carried out for carbon fiber reinforced polymer(CFRP)to improve the cutting performance,hole-making accuracy and hole-making quality of CFRP materials.Under conventional and cryogenic cooling-assisted drilling conditions,conventional polycrystalline diamond tools and surface textured tools were used to carry out experimental studies on hole-making of CFRP materials,and to analyze the differences in thrust force,total cutting force,entrance diameter and relative error,tool surface adhesion,hole wall morphology and defects with different cutting parameters.Under dry and cryogenic cooling conditions,both the thrust force and the total cutting force generated by the drilling process of the composite increased continuously with the increase of the feed rate.When the feed rate increased,the relative error range of the entrance diameters obtained by the PCD tool with dry drilling,the PCD tool with cryogenic cooling and the textured PCD tool with cryogenic cooling were 0.29%-0.42%,0.57%-1.15%and 0.38%-0.89%respectively under the test conditions.Compared with dry machining,there was almost no chips adhesion on the rake face of the tool under cryogenic cooling conditions.In general,it could be observed that there were some obvious fiber breakage,more fiber fracture pits,and the phenomenon of micro-cracks and uneven matrix smearing on the surface of inner hole wall under cryogenic cooling conditions.During the process of drilling CFRP,the increase in feed rate increased the cutting layer area,which lead to a constant increase in thrust and total cutting forces.It was found that the bigger thrust and total cutting forces could be obtained under cryogenic cooling conditions compared with the dry drilling at the same cutting parameters.Under the test conditions,compared with the cryogenic cooling method,the use of dry drilling could improve the hole-making accuracy of the entrance diameter size,while the cryogenic

关 键 词：CFRP PCD刀具 制孔精度 低温冷却 孔壁缺陷 

分 类 号：TB34[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]