蕙兰雌雄配子和胚的发育  

Development of Male and Female Gametes and Embryos in Cymbidium faberi Rolfe

作　　者：李亚敏 刘志雄[1] Li Yamin;Liu Zhixiong(Yangtze University,Jingzhou 434025,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]长江大学,荆州434025

出　　处：《东北林业大学学报》2024年第9期19-24,共6页Journal of Northeast Forestry University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31101202)。

摘　　要：以蕙兰(Cymbidium faberi Rolfe)‘郑孝荷’和‘新极品’为试验材料,结合石蜡切片和植物显微技术对蕙兰雌雄配子体和胚的发育过程进行观察。结果表明:①蕙兰花药4室,小孢子母细胞减数分裂过程中的胞质分裂为连续型,小孢子四分体呈四面体型或左右对称型。小孢子四分体在同一个胼胝质内完成有丝分裂形成成熟的2-细胞型四合花粉。②蕙兰开花当天,仅部分胚珠珠心组织分化形成孢原细胞,授粉成功后才能刺激大孢子母细胞形成和胚囊的进一步发育,授粉60 d发育成8核7细胞成熟胚囊。蕙兰胚囊的发育类型属葱型(双孢型),倒生薄珠心胚珠,双层珠被。③受精后,蕙兰的合子通过橫向分裂形成基细胞和顶细胞,基细胞和顶细胞均参与了胚体的形成,至授粉96 d,胚发育成熟。蕙兰胚的发育类型属紫菀型,成熟的蕙兰种子无胚乳。The development of male and female gametophytes and embryos of Cymbidium faberi Rolfe was observed using paraffin sections and plant microtechnic with‘Zheng Xiaohe’and‘Xin Jipin’as materials.The results showed that:(1)The anther of C.faberi Rolfe has 4 locules,and cytokinesis during meiosis in microsporocytes is of the type,resulting in tetrahedral or bilateral symmetrical tetrads.The tetraspores undergo mitosis within the same callosity to form mature 2-cell type tetrad pollen.(2)On the day of flowering,only some ovules of C.faberi Rolfe into archesporial cells,with further of the megaspore mother cell and embryo sac occurring only after pollination,leading to the formation of an 8-nucleate 7-celled mature embryo sac at 60 days post-pollination.The developmental type of the embryo sac in C.faberi Rolfe is classified as the Allium(bisporic)type,with inverted thin-walled nucellus and double integuments.(3)After fertilization,the zygote of the C.faberi Rolfe undergoes transverse division to form the basal cell and apical cell,both of which to the formation of the embryo.By 96 days post-pollination,the embryo is mature.The embryo of C.faberi Rolfe belongs to the asterad type,and mature seeds of C.faberi Rolfe lack endosperm.

关 键 词：蕙兰 小孢子发生 雄配子体发育 大孢子发生 雌配子体发育 胚的发育 

分 类 号：S682.31[农业科学—观赏园艺]