辽东山区5种林分土壤颗粒分形特征与土壤性质  

Soil Grain Fractal Characteristics and Soil Properties of Five Forest Stand Types in the Liaodong Mountains Area

作　　者：邓继峰[1] 万龙燕 侯瑞萍 李景浩 武斌[4] 韩明[5] 石小亮[1] Deng Jifeng;Wan Longyan;Hou Ruiping;Li Jinghao;Wu Bin;Han Ming;Shi Xiaoliang(Shenyang Agricultural University,Shenyang 110866,P.R.China;Academy of Forestry Inventory and Planning,National Forestry and Grassland Administration;General Station of Forest Disease and Insect Pest Control of State Forestry Administration;Liaoning Provincial College of Communications;Shenyang Nonferrous Metallurgy Engineering and Research Institute Co.,Ltd)

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学,沈阳110866 [2]国家林业和草原局林草调查规划院 [3]国家林业局森林病虫害防治总站 [4]辽宁省交通高等专科学校 [5]沈阳有色冶金设计研究院有限公司

出　　处：《东北林业大学学报》2024年第9期99-108,共10页Journal of Northeast Forestry University

基　　金：辽宁省教育厅科学研究经费项目(JYTYB2024073);2023年度教育厅基本科研项目(JYTMS20230151);2023年度辽宁省交通高等专科学校应用型科研项目(xyfzx202306);国家自然科学基金项目(31800609)。

摘　　要：选取清原县森林内林龄、坡向、坡位基本相同的林分类型,包括天然红松(Pinus koraiensis)林、樟子松(Pinus sylvestris var.mongholica)人工林、蒙古栎(Quercus mongolica)人工林、胡桃楸(Juglans mandshurica)人工林、天然针阔混交林(红松和蒙古栎数量比为2∶8),设置无乔木覆盖样地作为对照,对比分析天然条件不同林分土壤粒度组成、平均粒径、标准偏差、偏度、峰态值和(单、多重)分形维数,土壤理化性质空间分布及与分形维数之间的关系。结果表明:有林地表层(0~20 cm)和亚表层(20~40 cm)土壤组成以砂粒为主,粉粒、黏粒次之;粒度特征整体呈现分选状况极好、偏度正和峰态为尖窄的特点,土壤单重分形维数在1.84~2.78之间;有林地土壤平均粒径、单重分形维数及土壤理化性质均高于对照样地,且从针叶林、阔叶林至针阔混交林,上述土壤指标呈现递增趋势;多重分形维数表现为容量维数>关联维数>信息维数;单重分形维数和容量维数与黏粒和粉粒体积分数及土壤理化性质呈显著正相关关系,综合说明土壤细粒物质在有林地的保护中逐渐恢复,且表层土壤的恢复效果较好;多重分形维数分析表明,土壤粒径非理想均匀分布,因此,利用单重分形维数结合多重分形参数评价土壤质量仍有必要。Forest stands with similar stand age,slope direction and slope position in Qingyuan County were selected,including natural Pinus koraiensis forests,Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica plantations,Quercus mongolica plantations,Juglans mandshurica plantations,and natural mixed conifer-broadleaf forests(with a P.koraiensis to Q.mongolica ratio of 2∶8).The plots devoid of arbor tree cover were used as controls.Comparative analysis was conducted on the soil particle size composition,average particle size,standard deviation,skewness,kurtosis,and(single,multi-fractal)dimensions,as well as the spatial distribution of soil physicochemical properties and their relationships with fractal dimensions across these naturally differing forest stands.The results showed that the soil composition in the surface(0-20 cm)and sub-surface(20-40 cm)layers of forested areas is predominantly sandy,followed by silt and clay.Overall,the grain size characteristics exhibit well-sorted conditions,positive skewness,and narrow kurtosis.The single fractal dimension of soil ranges from 1.84 to 2.78.Average particle size,single fractal dimension,and soil physicochemical properties in forested areas are higher than those in control plots,showing an increasing trend from coniferous to broadleaf to mixed forests in these soil indicators.The order of the multi-fractal dimensions from largest to smallest is:capacity dimension,correlation dimension,and information dimension.Significant positive correlations were observed between single fractal dimension,capacity dimension,and clay and silt contents,as well as soil physicochemical properties,indicating gradual recovery of fine soil particles under forest protection,particularly in surface soils.Multi-fractal dimension analysis reveals non-ideal uniform distribution of soil particle sizes,highlighting the continued necessity of using single fractal dimensions combined with multi-fractal parameters for soil quality evaluation.

关 键 词：林分类型 土壤性质 土壤粒度特征 辽东山区 

分 类 号：S152.3[农业科学—土壤学]