某铅蓄电池厂工人铅暴露生物标志和同位素指纹特征的研究  

Study on exposure and early effect biomarkers and isotope fingerprint characteristics of lead-exposed workers in a battery factory

作　　者：蔡洁燕 郭嘉明 何易楠 龙传永 王致[1,2] 梁嘉斌 CAI Jieyan;GUO Jiaming;HE Yinan;LONG Chuanyong;WANG Zhi;LIANG Jiabin(Guangzhou Twelfth People's Hospital,Guangzhou Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment Hospital,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510620,China;Institute of Occupational and Environmental Health,Guangzhou Medical University,Guangzhou,Guangdong 511436,China;Yingde Chronic Disease Prevention and Treatment Hospital,Yingde Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment Institute,Yingde,Guangdong 513000,China)

机构地区：[1]广州市第十二人民医院(广州市职业病防治院),广东广州510620 [2]广州医科大学职业与环境卫生研究所,广东广州511436 [3]英德市慢性病防治医院(英德市职业病防治所),广东英德513000

出　　处：《职业卫生与应急救援》2024年第3期282-287,共6页Occupational Health and Emergency Rescue

基　　金：广州市科技计划项目(202201010816,2023A03J0501);广州市科学技术局重点研发计划项目(202206010061);广州市校(院)企联合资助专题(广州市职业环境与健康重点实验室)(2023A03J0502)。

摘　　要：目的 探讨铅暴露工人血铅、血锌原卟啉(zinc protoporphyrin,ZPP)、尿铅、尿δ-氨基-γ-酮戊酸(δ-aminolevulinic acid,δ-ALA)水平以及铅稳定同位素的指纹特征,分析它们之间的相关性,为铅稳定同位素示踪研究和应用提供基础。方法 2021年6—12月,以某市某铅蓄电池厂的40名存在铅暴露的在岗工人为研究对象,采用问卷调查的形式记录其工龄、吸烟、饮酒等相关情况,测定工人血铅、尿铅、铅暴露相关生物标志的水平,以及血、尿、环境(工作场所降尘)和水等样本中铅同位素比值(lead isotope ratio,LIR)(^(207/206)Pb、^(208/206)Pb、^(204/206)Pb),并进行统计学分析。结果 调查对象血铅56.0~757.6μg/L,平均(300.0±159.8)μg/L,异常率为5.0%;尿铅2.5~235.3μg/L,平均(40.1±45.2)μg/L,异常率为7.5%;ZPP水平为0.13~7.35μmol/L,平均(1.78±1.86)μmol/L,异常率为17.5%;尿δ-ALA水平为0.71~7.46 mg/L,平均(2.78±1.70)mg/L,异常率为7.5%。Pearson相关性分析结果显示,总体血铅与血ZPP、尿铅与尿δ-ALA、血铅与尿δ-ALA均为正相关关系(r=0.536、0.728、0.511,P<0.01)。不同工龄的工人血铅及血ZPP水平的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),均表现为1~4年工龄的工人较高;不饮酒的工人血ZPP水平高于饮酒者(P<0.05)。铅暴露工人尿液的^(208/206)Pb、^(207/206)Pb均高于血液(P<0.01)。该厂自来水的^(208/206)Pb、^(207/206)Pb低于血液、尿液(P<0.01);工作场所降尘的^(208/206)Pb低于铅暴露工人血液(P<0.01),^(207/206)Pb、^(208/206)Pb均低于铅暴露工人尿液(P<0.01)。铅暴露工人血^(207/206)Pb、^(208/206)Pb与血铅水平为负相关关系(r=-0.562、-0.673,P<0.01),血^(208/206)Pb与尿δ-ALA水平为负相关关系(r=-0.416,P<0.01);尿^(207/206)Pb、^(208/206)Pb与尿铅水平为负相关关系(r=-0.613,P<0.01;r=-0.331,P<0.05),尿^(207/206)Pb与血ZPP水平为负相关关系(r=-0.636,P<0.01)。结论 血铅与血ZPP和尿δ-ALA具有较好的相关性,与环境中铅同位素比值具有Objective To investigate the levels of blood lead and zinc protoporphyrin(ZPP),urine lead andδ-aminolevulinic acid(δ-ALA),and the fingerprint characteristics of stable lead isotopes among workers exposed to lead,and to analyze their correlations to provide a foundation for studies and applications of lead stable isotope tracing.Methods Taking 40 lead-exposed workers in a lead-acid battery factory in a city as the research object,the relevant conditions such as working age,smoking,drinking,etc.were recorded by a questionnaire.The levels of blood lead,urine lead,and biomarkers associated with lead exposure were measured,as were the lead isotope ratio(LIR)(^(207/206)Pb,^(208/206)Pb,^(204/206)Pb)in blood,urine,environmental samples(workplace dustfall),and water,and statistical analysis was carried out.Results The blood lead level of the subjects was 56.0-757.6μg/L,with an average of(300.0±159.8)μg/L,and the abnormality rate of 5.0%;the urine lead level was 2.5-235.3μg/L,with an average of(40.1±45.2)μg/L,and an abnormality rate of 7.5%;the blood ZPP level was 0.13-7.35μmol/L,with an average of(1.78±1.86)μmol/L,and an abnormality rate of 17.5%;the urineδ-ALA level was 0.71-7.46 mg/L,with an average of(2.78±1.70)mg/L,and an abnormality rate of 7.5%.Pearson correlation analysis showed positive correlations between overall blood lead and blood ZPP,urine lead and urineδ-ALA,and blood lead and urineδ-ALA(r=0.536,0.728,0.511,P<0.01).Significant statistical differences were found in blood lead and blood ZPP levels among workers with different employment times(P<0.05),with the higher levels observed in workers with employment times of 1-4 years;non-drinking workers had higher blood ZPP levels than drinking workers(P<0.05).Workers exposed to lead had higher levels of ^(208/206)Pb and ^(207/206)Pb in their urine than in their blood(P<0.01).The tap water from the plant showed lower levels of ^(208/206)Pb and ^(207/206)Pb compared to blood and urine(P<0.01);the workplace dustfall had a lower level of ^(208/206)Pb co

关 键 词：血铅 尿铅 血锌原卟啉 尿δ-氨基-γ-酮戊酸 铅同位素比值 

分 类 号：R135.1[医药卫生—劳动卫生]