某市电子企业职业人群心理健康状况及其影响因素分析  

Investigation on mental health status and influencing factors of workers in electronic enterprises in a city

作　　者：梁永锡[1] 刘可平 陈浩[1] 冯简青[1] LIANG Yongxi;LIU Keping;CHEN Hao;FENG Jianqing(Zhongshan Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Zhongshan,Guangdong 528403,China)

机构地区：[1]中山市疾病预防控制中心,广东中山528403

出　　处：《职业卫生与应急救援》2024年第3期330-335,共6页Occupational Health and Emergency Rescue

基　　金：中山市科学技术局研究项目(2022B1039)。

摘　　要：目的了解某市电子企业职业人群心理健康状况及影响因素。方法2023年1—7月,采用立意抽样方法,选取某市9家电子企业的468名职业人群为研究对象,分别采用中国职业人群职业紧张测量核心量表、患者健康问卷(PHQ-9)中文版、广泛性焦虑障碍量表(GAD-7)中文版评估研究对象的职业紧张、抑郁症状和焦虑症状。采用二分类logistic回归模型分析三者的影响因素。结果回收有效问卷468份,有效回收率为97.50%。研究对象的职业紧张、抑郁症状、焦虑症状的检出率分别为34.62%、73.50%、34.83%。回归分析结果显示:管理人员组出现职业紧张的风险是生产人员组的3.399倍(P<0.01);岗位工作年限为2~4年组出现职业紧张的风险是>10年组的6.601倍(P<0.01),5~10年组出现职业紧张的风险是>10年组的4.016倍(P<0.05);中型企业组出现抑郁症状的风险是小微型企业组的1.816倍(P<0.05);中型企业组出现焦虑症状的风险是小微型企业组的1.961倍(P<0.05),管理人员出现焦虑症状的风险是生产人员组的2.289倍(P<0.01)。结论某市电子企业职业人群职业紧张水平较高,抑郁症状、焦虑症状等健康问题突出,建议企业把每周工作时间控制在48 h以内,适当提高薪酬待遇,结合个人特点合理安排岗位,采取适当的健康干预措施,降低员工心理健康风险。Objective To understand the mental health status and influencing factors of workers in electronic enterprises in a city.Methods From January to July 2023,a purposive sampling method was adopted to select workers from 9 electronic enterprises in a city as the study subjects.The China Occupational Stress Measurement Core Scale,the Chinese version of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9(PHQ-9),and the Chinese version of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale(GAD-7)were used to evaluate occupational stress,depressive symptoms,and anxiety symptoms,respectively.A binary logistic regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors.Results A total of 468 valid questionnaires were collected,with an effective recovery rate of 97.50%.The detection rates of occupational stress,depressive symptoms,and anxiety symptoms among these workers were 34.62%,73.50%,and 34.83%,respectively.The regression analysis results showed that the occupational stress risk of workers in management positions was 3.399 times(P<0.01)higher than that of workers in production positions.The risk of occupational stress for workers with an employment time of 2-4 years was 6.601 times higher than that of workers with an employment time longer than 10 years(P<0.05),and the risk of occupational stress in the 5-10 year group was 4.016 times higher than that of workers with an employment time longer than 10 years(P<0.05).The risk of depressive symptoms of workers in medium-sized enterprises was 1.816 times(P<0.01)higher than that of workers in small and micro-enterprises.The risk of anxiety symptoms of workers in medium-sized enterprises was 1.961 times(P<0.01)higher than that of workers in small and micro-enterprises,and the risk of anxiety symptoms of workers in management positions was 2.289 times(P<0.01)higher than that of workers in production positions.Conclusions The workers in electronic enterprises in the city had a relatively high level of occupational stress,and health problems such as depressive symptoms and anxiety symptoms were prominent.I

关 键 词：心理健康 职业紧张 抑郁症状 焦虑症状 

分 类 号：R135.11[医药卫生—劳动卫生]