个人养老金政策的实施问题、国际经验与政策建议  

Implementation Issues,International Experiences and Policy RecommendationsofPrivatePension Policies

作　　者：刘奕[1] 龚溢彰 LIU Yi;GONG Yizhang(National Academy of Economic Strategy,CASS,100006;China International Capital Corporation,100020)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院财经战略研究院,北京市10006 [2]中国国际金融股份有限公司,北京市100020

出　　处：《财经智库》2024年第1期59-86,134,共29页Financial Minds

基　　金：中国社会科学院国情调研重大项目“数字经济和实体经济深度融合调研”(2024GQZD006)。

摘　　要：促进我国养老第三支柱发展,是积极应对人口老龄化之养老压力的必然要求。由于我国个人养老金制度起步较晚,少有文献依据多渠道数据源深入探讨我国个人养老金政策的执行效果,并提出具有指向性的政策建议。本文通过网页爬虫、开源API获取相关数据,从供需两个角度对个人养老金政策的实施效果进行了系统分析。研究显示,个人养老金引起了目标群体的广泛关注,但由于产品和政策设计等方面尚有不足,养老类金融产品普遍存在开户热、投资冷的情况。代表性国家的经验表明,要提高个人养老金的投资意愿,需配套弹性化政策、合理的管理机制和多样化的产品体系。加快推进第三支柱个人养老金制度建设,需将其置于多层次养老保险体系建设的框架下,从构建法律框架、完善优惠政策、优化账户管理、改进产品设计、加强投资者教育等角度联动改革,形成促进个人养老金高质量发展的整体合力。Promoting the development of the third pillar of elderly care in China is a necessary requirement for actively responding to the pressure brought by population aging.As China's private pension system started relatively late,there are few literatures that delve into the implementation effectiveness of China's private pension policies based on multi-channel data sources and propose targeted policy recommendations.This paper obtains relevant data through web crawlers and opensource APIs,and systematically analyzes the implementation effect of private pension policies from the perspectives of supply and demand.Research shows that private pension has attracted widespread attention from the target group,but many people hesitated to invest in private pension though they have opened their own private pension accounts due to shortcomings in product and policy design.The practices of representative countries indicate that is necessary to develop flexible policies,reasonable management mechanisms and diversified product systems to stimulate investments in personal pension.To accelerate the building of the third pillar private pension system,it is necessary to place it within the framework of a multi-level pension insurance system so as to carry out reform from the perspectives of building a legal framework,improving preferential policies,optimizing account management,refining product design,and strengthening investor education,and form a joint force to promote the high-quality development of private pension.

关 键 词：个人养老金 第三支柱 养老保险 社会保障体系 

分 类 号：H75[语言文字] J32[艺术—美术]