住房反向抵押模式的主体多元化与政府的作用  

The Subject Diversification and Government's Roles in the Housing Reverse Mortgage Model

作　　者：王者洁[1] WANG Zhejie(School of Law,Tiangong University,Tianjin300387,China)

机构地区：[1]天津工业大学法学院,天津300387

出　　处：《中国发展》2024年第3期76-85,共10页China Development

摘　　要：老年人住房反向抵押养老保险作为一项新型的养老保险兼具保险和抵押贷款的双重属性,保险公司在保险法律关系中具有保险人、贷款人及抵押权人三重主体身份。这种保险与抵押、借贷法律关系的主体合一导致风险叠加,需重新选择住房反向抵押这一自助养老的主体模式,将基础法律关系由保险合同转化为抵押、借款合同,从而化解住房反向抵押中借贷双方的风险。将仅限双方主体参与的住房反向抵押保险模式改为多元主体参与的住房反向抵押“贷款+保险”模式,由商业银行作为住房反向抵押的贷款主体;保险公司负责为借贷双方承保;政府在监督与政策制定方面发挥规范引导作用,采取金融监管及税费优惠予以支持和保障。The housing reverse mortgage insurance is a new type of pension insurance with dual nature of insurance and mortgage.And in the insurance legal relationship,the insurance company has the triple identity of insurer,lender and mortgage.The unity of the legal relationship between insurance and mortgage lending leads to the overlapping of risks.So it is necessary to reconstruct the self-supporting subject model of housing reverse mortgage,which transforms the basic legal relationship from insurance contracts to mortgage and loan contracts,so as to resolve the risks of both parties in the housing reverse mortgage.It is suggested to change the housing reverse mortgage model involving only two parties into the"loan and insurance"model involving multiple parties,in which the commercial bank as the main body of the housing reverse mortgage,provides loans to borrowers;the insurance company provides insurance for both parties to the housing reverse mortgage;and the government plays a normative and guiding role in supervision and policy-making,and adopts financial regulation and tax incentives as support.

关 键 词：住房反向抵押 主体模式 “贷款+保险” 多元主体 政府作用 

分 类 号：F832.4[经济管理—金融学]