论共同担保内部追偿中的连带责任——兼论《担保制度解释》第13条  

Joint and Several Liability in Internal Recovery of Joint Guarantee——On the Article 13 of the Guarantee System Interpretations

作　　者：钟嘉瑶 ZHONG Jiayao

机构地区：[1]暨南大学法学院知识产权学院

出　　处：《上海政法学院学报（法治论丛）》2024年第4期111-123,共13页Journal of Shanghai University of Political Science & Law(The Rule of Law Forum)

摘　　要：《担保制度解释》第13条将担保人内部追偿规则的法理逻辑定为:由当事人的意思表示成立连带共同担保,进而享有相互追偿权。然而,既不同于法定追偿权,其产生也非源于代为清偿,这一逻辑的合理性以及是否适用共同保证存疑。通过溯源肯认共同担保追偿权的规定,发现法定追偿权有违意思自治和自己责任原则。考察德国法拟制担保人间成立连带关系的做法和解释我国代为清偿制度,进一步证明了共同保证归属第13条的适用范围。具体而言,我国不存在拟制保证人为连带关系的规定,认定连带责任成立须遵循连带责任规定;代为清偿制度中保证人只承受债权人对债务人的权利,产生法定债权转移效果不等同于内部追偿权。如此,遵循将追偿权作为连带责任内部效力的思路,将当事人的意思联络作为内部追偿的判断重点,同时降低规定主义中的意思明示性要求,允许意思表示解释认定追偿意思。The Article 13 of the Guaranty System Interpretations defines the legal logic of the internal recovery rule as the joint and several guarantee established by the parties’will,and then the parties enjoy the right of recovery.However,the right is neither like the legal right of recovery,nor does arise from the right of subrogation for repayment.The rationality of this logic and the application of the co-surety are doubtful.Through tracing the source and recognizing the provisions of co-surety,it is found that the statutory right of recovery violates the principle of autonomy and self-responsibility.The study of the joint and several relationship in German laws and the interpretation of the settlement on behalf prove that co-surety belongs to the application of Article 13.Specifically,there is no stipulation about co-surety sharing joint and several liability because joint and several liability should be the establishment by will or stipulation.The surety only bears the right of the creditor to the debtor,so the right of subrogation is not equal to the right of internal recovery.Thus,following the idea of taking the right of recovery as the internal effect of joint and several liability,the application should take the parties’intention as the key point of judgment.That means determining the intention of recovery should reduce the requirement of express meaning in the doctrine of explicit definition and allow the interpretation of expression of intention.

关 键 词：共同担保 连带责任 相互追偿 保证人 连带共同担保 

分 类 号：DF521[政治法律—民商法学]