磷矿中磷灰石及脉石矿物浮选表面化学研究进展  

Research Progress in Surface Chemistry of Flotation for Apatite and Gangue Minerals in Phosphate Ore

作　　者：张覃 卯松[2,3,4] 黄小芬 陈傲傲[2,3,4] 张文彬 ZHANG Qin;MAO Song;HUANG Xiaofen;CHEN Aoao;ZHANG Wenbin(Guizhou Academy of Sciences,Guiyang 550001,Guizhou,China;Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,Guizhou,China;National&Local Joint Laboratory of Engineering for Effective Utilization of Regional Mineral Resources from Karst Areas,Guiyang 550025,Guizhou,China;Guizhou Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Utilization of Nonmetallic Mineral Resources,Guiyang 550025,Guizhou,China;Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming 650031,Yunnan,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州科学院,贵州贵阳550001 [2]贵州大学,贵州贵阳550025 [3]喀斯特地区优势矿产资源高效利用国家地方联合工程实验室,贵州贵阳550025 [4]贵州省非金属矿产资源综合利用重点实验室,贵州贵阳550025 [5]昆明理工大学,云南昆明650031

出　　处：《矿产保护与利用》2024年第3期1-15,共15页Conservation and Utilization of Mineral Resources

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52164018)。

摘　　要：磷矿是战略性关键矿产资源。中国磷矿储量位居世界第二位,主要类型为沉积型磷块岩。由于磷块岩是由外生作用形成、由隐晶质或显微隐晶质磷灰石及其它脉石矿物组成的堆积体,并且磷灰石与脉石矿物的表面润湿性、表面电性、表面吸附等表面性质相近,使得浮选分离难度大。浮选表面化学是磷矿浮选的重要理论基础,是实现不同矿物之间选择性分离的关键。综述了磷矿石中主要有用矿物磷灰石和主要脉石矿物白云石、石英的晶体化学特征,以及磷灰石与脉石矿物表面润湿性、表面电性、表面吸附等表面性质。讨论了不同浮选药剂作用下矿物表面润湿性的变化特征、矿物在水溶液中的双电层结构、矿物表面的活性位点与捕收剂作用的吸附构型。在此基础上,总结了难免离子对磷灰石与脉石矿物浮选行为的影响,为中低品位磷矿石的浮选分离提供理论支撑。Phosphate ore is a strategic key mineral resource.China's phosphate ore reserves rank second in the world,mainly consisting of sedimentary phosphate rocks.Due to the fact that phosphate rock is an accumulation formed by exogenesis,composed of cryptocrystalline or microcrystalline apatite and other gangue minerals,and the surface wettability,surface electrical properties,and surface adsorption of apatite and gangue minerals are similar,making flotation separation difficult.Surface chemistry of flotation is an important theoretical basis for the flotation of phosphate ores and the key to achieving selective separation between different minerals.This article provides an overview of the crystal chemical characteristics and the surface characteristics such as the surface wettability,the electrical properties,and adsorption characteristics of the main useful minerals in phosphate rock,including apatite and main gangue minerals such as dolomite and quartz.It also discussed the changing characteristics of surface wettability under different flotation agents,the double layer structure of minerals in aqueous solutions,the active sites on mineral surfaces,and the adsorption configuration of collectors.On this basis,the influence of unavoidable ions on the flotation behavior of apatite and gangue minerals was summarized.It is expected to provide the theoretical support for the flotation separation of Medium−low grade phosphate ore.

关 键 词：磷灰石 白云石 石英 浮选表面化学 晶体化学特征 表面性质 难免离子 

分 类 号：TD91[矿业工程—选矿] TD971.3