噪声污染侵权案中噪声标准适用的实证研究  

An Empirical Study on the Application of Noise Standards in Noise Pollution Infringement Cases

作　　者：杜健勋[1] 包岚馨 DU Jian-xun;BAO Lan-xin(Economics Law School,Southwest University of Political Science and Law,Chongqing 401120,China)

机构地区：[1]西南政法大学经济法学院,重庆401120

出　　处：《太原理工大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第4期46-56,共11页Journal of Taiyuan University of Technology(Social Science Edition)

摘　　要：环境标准的法律效力源于公法规定,所以它的强制性理应限于公法。在环境侵权案件中,“超标”与侵权并无直接联系,对环境侵权的认定仍须尊重环境污染的事实,但是实证研究中噪声污染侵权案件却出现了“噪声标准唯一论”的倾向。这种判定噪声污染事实只看超标与否的做法带来了合规抗辩效力和标准适用冲突的争议。争议源于“噪声污染”的私法定义模糊、噪声标准的定位不明,以及噪声标准自身存在的滞后、矛盾等问题。建议在司法中摒弃“噪声标准唯一论”的做法,引入不可量物侵害中的容忍义务理论,将其贯穿于噪声污染侵权责任的判断,并在噪声标准的制定过程中用设置“日落条款”等方式来完善噪声标准在噪声污染侵权案中的适用。Environmental standards derive their legal effect from the public law,so their enforcement should be limited to the public law.In environmental infringement cases,“exceeding the standard”does not mean a certain infringement,and the determination of such infringements must take into account the fact of env ironmental pollution.In empirical studies of noise pollution infringement cases,however,there is a tendency to a“unique theory of noise standard”.This approach of accessing noise pollution solely based on exceeding established standards has brought about disputes over the effectiveness of compliance defense and the conflicts in the application of standards.The disputes arise from the fuzzy definition of“noise pollution”in the private law,the unclear positioning of noise standards and the obsolescence and contradictions within the noise standards.It is suggested to abandon the practice of the“unique theory of noise standard”in the private law.Besides,this paper introduces the theory of tolerance obligation in ca-ses involving the infringement of immeasurable objects and applies this theory throughout the judgment of tort liability for noise pollution.In addition,to enhance the application of noise standards in noise pollution infringement cases,mechanisms such as“sunset clause”are to be established in the process of develop these standards.

关 键 词：噪声污染侵权 噪声标准 容忍义务 

分 类 号：D922.6[政治法律—环境与资源保护法学]