行政审判中信赖保护原则的位阶化适用——一种理论转换视角下的本土化尝试  

The Hierarchical Application of the Principle of Reliance Protection in Administrative Law——A Localization Attempt from the Perspective of Theoretical Transformation

作　　者：王黎黎[1] 聂志豪 WANG Li-li;NIE Zhi-hao(School of Marine Law and Humanities,Dalian Ocean University,Dalian Liaoning 116023,China)

机构地区：[1]大连海洋大学海洋法律与人文学院,辽宁大连116023

出　　处：《太原理工大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第4期75-84,共10页Journal of Taiyuan University of Technology(Social Science Edition)

基　　金：辽宁省社会科学规划基金项目“人工智能时代个人数据法律保护研究”(L19BFX013)。

摘　　要：信赖保护原则是一项德式公法原则,采用三要件的适用规则,并为我国所引入。但司法实践中信赖利益生成模式出现分化,致使信赖表现作为构成要件存疑,而理论上的争议无法为法院提供可遵循的适用规则。通过分析信赖保护原则的法理基础和价值核心,认为其适用逻辑具有位阶性特点且应将信赖利益贯彻原则适用的全过程。基于此,尝试将位阶性理论引入信赖保护原则,将适用过程位阶化,依序分为信赖生成阶层、信赖正当阶层及信赖衡量阶层。相较于要件化适用模型,位阶化适用模型优先审查信赖利益在客观维度的存在意义,强调法院在原则适用中的综合性考量,为信赖保护理论发展提供包容性空间。无论是德国行政规范建构与我国的差别,还是英国合法预期在中国的模糊前景,都注定了中国必须建立起自身的信赖保护话语体系,但这无疑是一个逐步探索的过程。The principle of reliance protection, a cornerstone of German public law, follows a three-element application rule and has been introduced into China. However, in judicial practice, the patterns of reliance interest generation have varied, raising doubts about the role of reliance as a component As a result, the theoretical disputes cannot provide clear, applicable guidelines for courts to follow. Through the analysis of the legal foundation and core values of the principle of reliance protection, it has been proposed that its application logic demonstrates hierarchical characteristics and that reliance interests should be implemented throughout the entire application process. On this basis, an effort should be made to incorporate the hierarchical theory into the principle of reliance protection. This approach structures the application process into the hierarchy of reliance generation, reliance legitimate and reliance measurement. Compared with the condition-based application model, the hierarchical application model gives priority to examining the existence significance of reliance interests in an objective dimension, emphasizes the comprehensive consideration of the court in the application of the principle, and thereby provides inclusive space for the development of the theory of reliance protection. In spite of the difference between the construction of administrative norms in Germany and China, and the vague prospect of British legitimate expectation in China, it is doomed that China must establish her own discourse system for reliance protection and that this process is undoubtedly a gradual exploration.

关 键 词：信赖保护原则 位阶性理论 信赖利益 司法适用 

分 类 号：D912.1[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]