2018—2022年内蒙古自治区水痘流行特征分析  

Epidemiological Characteristics and Public Health Emergencies of Varicella in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region from 2018 to 2022

作　　者：刘丹丹 宋健[2] Liu Dandan;Song Jian(不详;Inner Mongolia Women and Child Health Care Hospital Dermatology Department,Hohhot,Inner Mongolia,010020,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古自治区妇幼保健院,内蒙古呼和浩特010020 [2]内蒙古自治区疾病预防控制中心/内蒙古自治区预防医学科学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010080

出　　处：《中国初级卫生保健》2024年第6期60-62,共3页Chinese Primary Health Care

基　　金：内蒙古自治区医疗卫生科技计划项目(202201171)。

摘　　要：目的:通过对2018—2022年内蒙古自治区水痘发病情况进行分析,了解内蒙古自治区水痘流行规律,为相关部门优化水痘疫情防控措施和疫苗接种策略提供参考依据。方法:在中国疾病预防控制信息系统中收集2018—2022年内蒙古自治区水痘发病病例和学校突发公共卫生事件相关信息及数据,采用SPSS 22.0软件进行统计分析。结果:2018—2022年内蒙古自治区年均报告发病率为30.459/10万,其中2019年报告发病率最高,为39.148/10万;每年出现2个水痘流行高峰,分别为每年10月—次年1月(2022年除外)和3—7月;以5~9岁年龄段人群发病率最高;以学生、托幼儿童和散居儿童为主;各地区、各年度报告水痘发病率差异较大,年均报告发病率前3位的地区是鄂尔多斯市、阿拉善盟、锡林郭勒盟。结论:2018—2022年内蒙古自治区水痘报告发病存在2个流行高峰,应重点关注10岁以下儿童以及成年人群的发病情况。相关部门应加强水痘预防知识和疫苗接种的宣传教育,提高适龄人群疫苗接种率,加强中小学及托幼机构日常监测和报告。在发生水痘疫情后,应尽早对易感人群启动应急接种,从而减少续发病例,并有效控制疫情。OBJECTIVE To analyze the incidence of chickenpox in the region from 2018 to 2022,and provide a basis for optimizing chickenpox epidemic prevention and vaccine vaccination strategies.METHODS Data from the China Disease Prevention and Control Information System from 2018 to 2022 were collected and analyzed using IBM SPSS 22.0.RESULTS In Inner Mongolia,the average annual reported incidence of chickenpox from 2018 to 2022 was 30.459 per 105,with the highest incidence in 2019 at 39.148 per 105.Two epidemic peaks occurred each year.The male-to-female ratio was 1.16∶1.The highest incidence was observed in the age group of 5 to<10 years,with students,preschool children,and scattered children being the primary affected groups.There were significant differences in reported chickenpox incidence among different regions and years.The top three regions with the highest average reported incidence were Ordos City,Alxa League,and Xilin Gol League.CONLUSION There are two epidemic peaks of chickenpox in the entire region every year,with a focus on the incidence of children under 10 years old and the adult population.It should strengthen the promotion and education of chickenpox prevention knowledge and vaccination,increase the vaccination rate of the appropriate age group,and strengthen daily monitoring and reporting in primary and secondary schools and childcare institutions.After the outbreak of chickenpox,early initiation of emergency vaccination for susceptible populations has a positive effect on controlling the epidemic and reducing recurrent cases.

关 键 词：水痘 流行特征 突发公共卫生事件 

分 类 号：R195[医药卫生—卫生统计学]