太仓市50岁及以上人群疫苗接种现状及认知分析  

Current Status and Cognitive Analysis of Vaccination among People Aged 50 and above in Taicang

作　　者：沈嘉 高玲琳[1] 陈如艳 刘娜[2,3] Shen Jia;Gao Linglin;Chen Ruyan;Liu Na(不详;Taicang Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Taicang,Jiangsu,215400,China)

机构地区：[1]苏州市太仓市疾病预防控制中心,江苏太仓215400 [2]中国疾病预防控制中心,北京100050 [3]苏州市疾病预防控制中心,江苏苏州215100

出　　处：《中国初级卫生保健》2024年第6期71-76,共6页Chinese Primary Health Care

基　　金：中国乙肝防控科研基金项目(YGFK20210114);中国乙肝防控科研基金项目(YGFK20220080);中华预防医学会疫苗与免疫青年人才托举项目(CPMAQT-YM0305);苏州市姑苏卫生人才计划人才科研项目(GSWS2023065)。

摘　　要：目的:了解苏州市太仓市50岁及以上中老年人群乙肝、23价肺炎球菌、带状疱疹、流感疫苗的接种意愿、认知现状及其影响因素,为制定科普宣传策略和优化接种方案提供参考依据。方法:2023年4—6月采取分层随机抽样的方法抽取太仓市50岁及以上常住居民于进行问卷调查。结果:5 161名调查对象中,接种过乙肝、23价肺炎球菌、带状疱疹和流感疫苗的分别有529人(10.25%)、1 106人(21.43%)、4人(0.08%)和68人(1.32%)。认为国产疫苗安全性和有效性好的分别有4 593人(88.99%)和4 478人(86.77%)。在接种意愿方面,5 161名调查对象中因医生推荐、官方宣传、家人朋友推荐、政府集中组织(免费接种)而愿意接种疫苗的分别有3 267人(63.30%)、3 325人(64.43%)、3 099人(60.05%),3 480人(67.43%),781人(15.13%)认为通过提高门诊服务可及性、4 801人(93.02%)认为可以使用医保账户余额支付疫苗费用可以增加疫苗接种意愿,提高疫苗接种率。此外,性别、年龄、是否患高血压、是否患心脑血管疾病、基础疾病聚集情况会影响调查对象乙肝疫苗、23价肺炎球菌疫苗的接种率。结论:太仓市50岁及以上人群疫苗接种率偏低。相比于未患病人群,有基础疾病者更加关注自身健康,会主动寻求疫苗接种。建议卫生行政部门为50岁及以上中老年人,特别是基础疾病患者制定预防接种相关优惠政策,同时不断加强公众健康教育宣传。OBJECTIVE To investigate the current status and influencing factors of vaccination among people aged 50 and above in Taicang,and to provide the basis for formulating popular science strategies and optimizing vaccination plans.METHODS Permanent residents aged 50 and above were selected by randomly sampling of Taicang,a questionnaire survey was conducted from April to June 2023.RESULTS 529(10.25%)had received hepatitis B vaccine,1106(21.43%)had received 23-valent pneumococcal vaccine,4(0.08%)had received herpes zoster vaccine,and 68(1.32%)had received influenza vaccine.Among them,4593(86.92%)and 4478(86.77%)believed that domestic vaccines were effective,safe,respectively.In terms of vaccination intentions,3267(63.30%)believed doctors’recommendation,3325(64.43%)believed official publicity,3099(60.05%)believed family and friends’recommendation,3480(67.43%)believed free government programs,and 781(15.13%)believed improving access to outpatient services,and 4801(93.02%)believed using the balance of the medical insurance account to pay for vaccines could increase the willingness to vaccinate and improve the vaccination rate.In addition,participants with hypertension,cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and with different aggregation of chronic diseases were statistically significant different in vaccination status compared with those without chronic diseases(P<0.05).CONCLUSION The vaccination rate of middle-aged and elderly people in Taicang was low.Compared with the normal,people with chronic diseases would pay more attention to their health and seek vaccination actively.It is suggested that the health administration departments should formulate preferential policies related to vaccination for middle-aged and elderly people aged 50 and above,especially for chronic disease patients,and constantly public health education should be strengthen.

关 键 词：中老年 基础疾病患者 疫苗 接种意愿 

分 类 号：R186[医药卫生—流行病学]