某火箭发射塔试验台承力架防火保护研究  

Research on fire protection of load-bearing structure in rocket launch tower test platform

作　　者：王长辉 赵东拂 李磊[2] 詹子娜 刘栋栋 郝腾飞 魏晓莉 Wang Changhui;Zhao Dongfu;Li Lei;Zhan Zina;Liu Dongdong;Hao Tengfei;Wei Xiaoli(School of Civil and Transportation Engineering,Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture,Beijing 100044,China;China Academy of Building Research,Bejing 100013,China;Beijing Higher Institution Engineering Research Center of Civil Engineering Structure and Renewable Material,Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture,Beijing 100044,China;Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Future Urban Design,School of Civil and Transportation Engineering,Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture,Beijing 100044,China;Multi-Functional Shaking Tables Laboratory,Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture,Beijing 100044,China;Beijing Energy Conservation&Sustainable Urban and Rural Development Provincial and Ministry Co-construction Collaboration Innovation Center,Beijing 100044,China)

机构地区：[1]北京建筑大学土木与交通工程学院,北京100044 [2]中国建筑科学研究院有限公司,北京100013 [3]工程结构与新材料北京市高等学校工程研究中心,北京100044 [4]北京未来城市设计高精尖创新中心,北京100044 [5]北京建筑大学大型多功能振动台阵实验室,北京100044 [6]北京建筑大学北京节能减排与城乡可持续发展省部共建协同创新中心,北京100044

出　　处：《建筑科学》2024年第5期21-29,共9页Building Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51378045);北京建筑大学硕士研究生创新项目(PG2023031)。

摘　　要：某火箭发射塔试验台钢承力架除了承受上部火箭发射试验时施加的荷载外,还会受到火箭尾部火焰的高温烧蚀作用,对承力架的安全性和耐久性亟待探究。对涂有耐高温耐烧蚀防火涂料的Q345-D钢板进行斜向喷火缩尺试验,得到其烧蚀现象、烧蚀率及温度数据;使用FLUENT软件对缩尺模型开展流-固-热耦合数值模拟,其温度及烧蚀率与试验数据符合良好,温度最大误差为8.9%,烧蚀率最大误差为7.14%;利用上述方法对三喷管火箭发射试验过程进行模拟,得到不同喷淋量、不同防火涂料喷涂厚度工况下承力架的表面温度和塔架空间温度及速度流场分布。结果表明:缩尺试验中耐高温耐烧蚀防火涂料具有良好的隔热性能和耐烧蚀性能;温度曲线呈现明显的4个阶段:迅速升温阶段、降温阶段、逐渐回升阶段、稳定阶段;当冷却喷淋量为1m3/s时,承力架表面该防火涂料厚度不应低于15mm,喷淋量在此基础上每增加0.5m3/s,该防火涂料最小厚度可减小5.2mm,当喷淋量高于2.5m3/s,承力架则无需喷涂防火涂料。In addition to the loads applied during the upper rocket launching test,the load-bearing structure in rocket launch tower test platform is also exposed to the high-temperature ablation effect of the rocket tail flame.Therefore,the safety and durability of the load-bearing structure needs to be explored.The Q345-D steel plates coated with high-temperature and ablative fireproof coating is subjected to diagonal flame shrinkage test,the ablation phenomenon,ablation rate and temperature data are obtained.FLUENT software is used to carry out numerical simulation of the shrinkage model with fluid-solid-thermal coupling,the temperature and ablation rate are in good agreement with the test data.The maximal error of temperature is 8.9%and the maximal error of ablation rate is 7.14%.The simulation of the three-nozzle rocket launching test process is carried out by the above method.The surface temperature,spatial temperature and velocity flow field distribution of the load-bearing structure are measured under conditions of different spray volume and fire protection coating thickness.The results show that the high-temperature and ablative fireproof coating has good performance in the shrinkage test.The temperature curve shows four obvious stages:rapid warming stage,cooling stage,gradual recovery stage,stable stage.The thickness of fireproof coating should not be less than 15mm when the cooling spray volume of 1m^(3)/s.For every 0.5m^(3)/s increase in spray volume,the minimum thickness of fireproof coating can be reduced by 5.2mm.When the spray volume is higher than 2.5m^(3)/s,the load-bearing structure does not need to be coated with fireproof coating.

关 键 词：数值模拟 发射塔承力架 温度场 流-固-热耦合 烧蚀率 

分 类 号：V553.11[航空宇航科学与技术—人机与环境工程]