“X不敢相信Y”构式的叙实性逆转功能与魔术效应——表示“事实颠覆信念后不情愿地悬置不信任”的心理  

Factivity reversion and magic effect in non-factive construction"X bugan xiangxin Y"(X不敢相信Y):"Unwilling suspension of disbelief due to the contradiction with fact"

作　　者：袁毓林 YUAN Yulin

机构地区：[1]澳门大学人文学院中国语言文学系,中国澳门 [2]北京大学中文系/中国语言学研究中心,北京

出　　处：《中国语文》2024年第4期387-399,510,共14页Studies of the Chinese Language

基　　金：澳门大学讲座教授研究与发展基金(CPG20240005-FAH);启动研究基金(SRG2022-00011-FAH)的资助。

摘　　要：本文讨论“X不敢相信Y”构式的三种不同的构式意义及其叙实性特点。文章指出,由于谓语核心“相信”是表示信念的非叙实动词,因此这种构式原本是非叙实的(不预设宾语所指的命题y为真或为假),其组合性意义为“x不愿意信任y,y可真可假”。但是,在惊诉于事实颠覆信念的心理作用(即“魔术效应”)下,这种构式转变为叙实的(预设y为真),涌现出了“x不情愿地悬置不信任y,因为y居然为真”之类强势的规约性意义。进而在特定的语境条件下,受x坚持质疑和不肯悬置不信任y的心理驱使,又解锁出“x不愿意悬置不信任y,因为y显然为假”之类弱势的规约性意义,即转变为反叙实构式(预设y为假)。并且,在数量上,这种构式的叙实用例绝对地压倒其反叙实用例和非叙实用例。This paper discusses the factivity status of"X bugan xiangxin Y"(X不敢相信Y,"X can't believe Y")based on its three different construction meanings.It is pointed out that,since xinagxin(相信,"believe")is a non-factive verb expressing belief,the construction"X bugan xiangxin Y"is non-factive(which does not presuppose the truth value of the proposition y denoted by the object Y).However,due to the psychological effect(i.e.magic effect)caused by the surprise that fact overthrows the belief,the construction can become factive and presupposes that y is true.As a result of this reversion of factivity,strong conventional meaning emerges as""x unwillingly suspends the disbelief about y because y is unexpectedly true".Accordingly,in specific contexts,driven by the doubt of x who refuses to suspend the disbelief about y,a weak conventional meaning("x is unwilling to suspend the disbelief about y because y is obviously false")can be unlocked and the construction becomes counter-factive(which presupposes that y is false).It is worthy of note that the counter-factive and non-factive instantiations of this construction are absolutely outnumbered by the factive instantiations.

关 键 词：构式(意义) 叙实性逆转 魔术效应 涌现 解锁 (组合性vs.规约性)意义 

分 类 号：H146[语言文字—汉语]