情态助动词“好”的方言分布  

The distribution of modal auxiliary hao(好)in Chinese dialects

作　　者：王晓华[1] WANG Xiaohua

机构地区：[1]上海外国语大学日本文化经济学院,上海

出　　处：《中国语文》2024年第4期444-457,511,共15页Studies of the Chinese Language

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金“日汉情态类型学探索(17YJC740089)”项目资助。

摘　　要：为勘明汉语情态助动词“好_(MoD)”的跨方言分布和语义类型,文章调查了91个方言点,其中45个方言点存在“好_(MoD)”分布在吴语、江准官话、徽语、客家话、闽语、粤语、平话、西南官话和胶辽官话区。“好_(MoD)”可以表达道义、能力、认识、意愿和估价情态。吴语等南方方言中“好_(MoD)”以道义情态为核心情态类型,北方胶辽官话中“好_(MoD)”以认识情态为核心情态类型。共时语义距离显示方言“好_(MoD)”具有南北方差异。通过分析跨方言共时语义空间,文章观察到六项语义蕴含共性,并基于语义类型特征梳理了“好_(MOD)”的情态类型系统。To clarify the distribution and semantic types of modal auxiliary hao(好)in Chinese dialects,this paper investigates 91 Chinese dialects and finds that 45 of them(including the Wu dialects,Jianghuai Mandarin dialect,Hui dialects,Hakka dialects,Min dialects,Cantonese,Pinghua dialects,Southwest Mandarin dialect and Jiaoliao Mandarin dialect)have an auxiliary haomop which indicates deontic,abilitive,epistemic,bouletic and axiological modalities.In certain southern dialects such as the Wu dialects,haoMop is mainly used for deontic modality.In comparison,its primary function is to express epistemic modality in some northern dialects such as the Jiaoliao Mandarin dialects.This variation between the north and the south is also supported by analyses on synchronic semantic distances.In addition,the paper identifies 6 types of implicative relations between the meanings of haomop in Chinese dialects.The modal system of haomop is also offered based on its various semantic characteristics.

关 键 词：“好”情态 汉语方言 语义类型 型分布共时 

分 类 号：H17[语言文字—汉语]