不同水力集矿模型的矿粒采集及环境扰动特性数值研究  

Numerical Study on Collection and Environmental Disturbance Characteristics of Different Nodule Collecting Models

作　　者：李雨瑶 赵国成 肖龙飞[1,2] LI Yuyao;ZHAO Guocheng;XIAO Longfei(State Key Laboratory of Ocean Engineering,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200240,China;SJTU Yazhou Bay Institute of Deepsea SCI-TECH,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Sanya 572024,Hainan,China)

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学海洋工程国家重点实验室,上海200240 [2]上海交通大学三亚崖州湾深海科技研究院,海南三亚572024

出　　处：《上海交通大学学报》2024年第7期1036-1046,共11页Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University

基　　金：上海市科技创新行动计划启明星项目(扬帆专项)(23YF1419800)。

摘　　要：实现高效、低扰动海底集矿是深海多金属结核矿产资源开发面临的关键技术挑战.海底矿粒采集过程的力学行为十分复杂,是一个涉及三维紊动流动、离散粗颗粒运动与细颗粒土体破坏的流固土多物理场耦合过程.针对吸扬式、附壁射流式、射流冲采式3种主流的深海水力集矿方法,基于K-Epsilon两层模型和离散元模型分别模拟集矿液相湍流和固相矿粒,进行矿粒采集性能和环境扰动的数值模拟研究,分析集矿流量q m和集矿头拖曳速度v对矿粒采集率η、集矿流场湍动能k和海水-沉积物混合物体积分数φ的影响,探究集矿流场中流速、压力和矿粒的分布特征.结果表明:在相同q m和v下,射流冲采式模型获得的η最大,吸扬式模型获得的η最小;射流冲采式模型对近底流场扰动程度最大,深海沉积物扩散现象也最为明显,而吸扬式和附壁射流式模型造成的环境扰动程度较小,更有利于环保要求;附壁射流式模型的η对q m和v最不敏感,且该集矿模型可以较好地兼顾高效矿粒采集和低环境扰动.研究结果可为揭示集矿机理和设计研发高效低扰动集矿装置提供科学依据.It is a significant technical challenge to exploit deep-sea polymetallic nodules with high efficiency and low disturbance.The mechanical behavior of seabed nodule collecting is very complicated,which is a multi-physical coupling process involving three-dimensional turbulent flow,discrete particle movement,and fine particle soil failure.In this paper,three main deep-sea hydraulic nodule collecting methods,i.e.,the suck-up-based method,the Coand-effect-based method,and the double-jet hydraulic method,are investigated by numerical simulation on the performance of nodule collecting and environmental disturbance.The realizable K-Epsilon two-layer model and the discrete element method are used to simulate the turbulent flow of the liquid phase and nodule particles in the solid phase respectively.The effect of collection flow q m and drag velocity v on collection rateη,turbulent kinetic energy k,and volume fractionφof the seawater-sediment mixture in the collecting flow field is analyzed.The flow velocity,pressure,and nodule distribution are explored.The results indicate that,at the same q m and v,the double-jet hydraulic model will achieve the largestη,while the suck-up-based model will achieve the leastη.The double-jet hydraulic model has the most significant disturbance to the near-bottom flow field and the most obvious sediment spreading phenomenon.In contrast,the suck-up-based model and the Coand-effect-based model have less environmental disturbance,which is more conducive to the requirements of environmental protection.The Coand-effect-based model shows minor sensitivity to q m and v and a good balance between high nodule collecting efficiency and low environmental disturbance.This paper will provide a scientific basis for revealing the nodule collecting mechanism and designing and developing a nodule collecting device.

关 键 词：深海采矿 多金属结核 流固土多场耦合 矿粒采集效率 环境扰动 

分 类 号：P751[交通运输工程—港口、海岸及近海工程]