美国外资国家安全审查新动向:动因、影响及对策  

New Trends of the US Security Review of Foreign Investment:Motivation,Influence and Countermeasures

作　　者：徐金金 王奕欣 Xu Jinjin;Wang Yixin(School of Public Policy and Administration,Nanchang University)

机构地区：[1]南昌大学公共政策与管理学院

出　　处：《当代韩国》2024年第2期19-35,共17页Contemporary Korea

基　　金：国家社科基金重点项目“美国政治生态变化和两党对华政策比较研究”(22AGJ011);2020年度江西省高校人文社会科学重点研究基地项目“美国西奥多·罗斯福总统时期的反腐政策及其对中国的启示”(JD20097)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：在中美战略竞争背景下,外资国家安全审查成为美国打压中国和维护霸权地位的重要政策工具。拜登政府时期美国升级外资安全审查措施,持续针对中国,扩大审查范围,构建双向审查,推动盟国在贸易投资上设置壁垒,给中国、国际投资和美国自身带来了消极影响。对中国而言,对美投资萎缩,中美科技交流受限,中国对外投资面临更严峻的国际环境。对国际投资而言,国际投资自由化进程受阻,进而对全球经济造成不利影响。对美国而言,其收紧外资审查,推动在经贸、科技等领域与中国“脱钩断链”,最终将削弱自身全球竞争力。中国应从国家和企业两方面进行应对:在国家层面,完善国内外资安审制度,促进投资自由化便利化,推动双边投资协定谈判,利用中美经济对话机制,积极参与全球经济治理,维护多边经济贸易体系;在企业层面,掌握审查规则,加强内部合规管理,及时调整投资策略,联合多方力量融资,利用司法救济手段,维护企业正当利益。In the context of Sino-US strategic competition,foreign investment security review has become an important policy tool for the United States to suppress China and maintain its hegemonic position.During the Biden Administration,the United States upgraded its foreign investment security review measures,continued to target China,expanded the scope of the review,constructed a two-way review,and promoted the establishment of trade and investment barriers by allies,which had a negative impact on China,international investment,and the United States.For China,investment in the United States is shrinking,technological exchanges between China and the United States are restricted,and China's outward investment is facing a more severe international environment.For international investment,the liberalization process of international investment is hindered,which in turn has adverse effects on the global economy.For the US,tightening its foreign investment review and promoting decoupling and disconnection from China in areas such as economy,trade,and technology will ultimately weaken its global competitiveness.China should respond from both the national and corporate perspectives,at the national level improve the domestic and foreign investment security review system,promote investment liberalization and facilitation,promote bilateral investment agreement negotiations,utilize the Sino-US economic dialogue mechanism,actively participate in global economic governance,and maintain the multilateral economic and trade system;at the enterprise level,grasp the review rules,strengthen internal compliance management,adjust investment strategies in a timely manner,collaborate with multiple parties for financing,use judicial remedies to safeguard the legitimate interests of the enterprise.

关 键 词：美国外资安全审查 国家安全 拜登政府 

分 类 号：F125[经济管理—世界经济] F171.2[政治法律—政治学] D822.371.2[政治法律—外交学]