艾滋病相关创伤后应激障碍症状患者的生活体验质性研究  

Qualitative study of life experiences of patients with AIDS-related post-traumatic stress disorder

作　　者：赖欣怡 王红红[1] 唐楚蕾 LAI Xinyi;WANG Honghong;TANG Chulei(Xiangya School of Nursing,Central South University,Changsha 410013,Hunan,China;School of Nursing,Nanjing Medical University,Nanjing 211166,Jiangsu,China)

机构地区：[1]中南大学湘雅护理学院,长沙410013 [2]南京医科大学护理学院,南京211166

出　　处：《中国艾滋病性病》2024年第6期618-622,共5页Chinese Journal of Aids & STD

摘　　要：目的 探索艾滋病相关创伤后应激障碍症状患者的生活体验,为临床制订心理干预对策提供依据。方法 采用诠释现象学研究方法,通过目的抽样在湖南省长沙市某医院艾滋病病房或门诊深度访谈16位患者,并应用诠释现象学分析法对访谈资料进行分析。结果 16名访谈对象中男性9名,女性7名,其中经同性性传播6人,异性性传播10人。研究提炼出“HIV感染确诊与创伤后应激障碍的动态建构”(社会环境:遭受艾滋病污名化和歧视、心理变化:对未来治疗与结局的担忧与恐惧、个人认知:打破自我认知,难以接受事实)、“打破生活常态”(日常生活状态不佳、人际交往疏远、工作多方受阻)和“回归生活的障碍因素”(消极的认知评价、回归家庭受阻、医疗支持不足)三大主题。结论 艾滋病相关创伤后应激障碍症状患者生活常态被打破,并面临回归生活受阻的困境。医护工作人员应关注艾滋病患者的创伤后应激障碍症状,帮助患者提高自我应对能力,加强社会支持,以缓解艾滋病相关创伤后应激障碍症状,促进其重返社会。Objective The study explores the life experiences of patients with AIDS-related post-traumatic stress disorder are explored to provide foundations for developing clinical psychological interventions.Methods Interpretive phenomenology was used to conduct in-depth interviews with 16 patients in the AIDS ward or outpatient department of a hospital in Changsha,Hunan Province.Participants were recruited via purposive sampling.The interview data were analyzed using the interpretative phenomenological analysis.Results Among the 16 interviewees,nine were male and seven were female.Six individuals contracted HIV through homosexual transmission,and ten through heterosexual transmission.Three major themes emerged from this research.Dynamic construction of HIV diagnosis and post-traumatic stress disorder(social environment:experiencing AIDS stigma and discrimination;psychological changes:anxiety and fear about future treatment and outcomes;and personal cognition:self-perception changes and difficulties in accepting the reality).Disruption of normal life(poor state of daily living,interpersonal alienation,and multiple work obstacles).Barriers to returning to normal life(negative cognition,difficult reintegration into the family,and inadequate medical support).Conclusions Patients with AIDS-related post-traumatic stress disorder experience disruptions to their daily lives and face significant challenges in returning to normalcy.Medical staff should be attentive to the symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder in AIDS patients and provide support to help them improve their coping abilities.Additionally,efforts should be made to strengthen social support systems to alleviate these symptoms and promote successful reintegration into society.

关 键 词：艾滋病 创伤后应激障碍 生活体验 质性研究 

分 类 号：R512.91[医药卫生—内科学]