从举国体制到新型举国体制:中国一流大学研发投入的张力与平衡  

From Traditional to New System for Mobilizing Resources Nationwide:Tension and Balance of R&D Investment in China's First-class Universities

作　　者：胡勇军[1] 张新培[2] HU Yongjun;ZHANG Xinpei(Office of Deep-ocean Large-scale Scientific Facility,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200240;Office of Strategy Planning,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200240)

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学深远海国家大科学设施办公室,上海200240 [2]上海交通大学规划发展处,上海200240

出　　处：《教育发展研究》2024年第11期61-69,共9页Research in Educational Development

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究项目“我国研究型高校研发投入产出的绩效评价”(18YJA880026)的部分成果。

摘　　要：对近20年中国一流大学研发投入分析发现,举国体制下大学研发投入的运行处于三重张力关系下:一是规模上,存在投入增长周期性与科学研究长期性的冲突;二是结构上,存在大学知识生产“应然”与“实然”的错位;三是绩效上,存在研发投入当期性与产出滞后性的矛盾。基于多重制度逻辑视角探究其内在逻辑,这三重张力关系是控制性多层行政逻辑、市场逻辑和学术逻辑共同作用的结果。建议适当弱化控制性多层行政主导的制度惯性,强化大学知识创新的战略地位,兼顾有组织科研与自由探索式研究,以构建科技创新新型举国体制研发投入的平衡机制。This study analyzes the R&D investment of China's top universities from 2001 to 2020,and finds that the university R&D investment under the new national system of science and technology operates under triple tensions:firstly,in terms of scale,there is a conflict between the periodicity of investment growth and the long-term nature of scientific research;secondly,in terms of structure,there is a mismatch between the"ought to be"and"actually is"of university knowledge production;thirdly,in terms of performance,there is a contradiction between the immediacy of R&D investment and the lag in output.Based on the multi-layer system logic perspective to explore its internal logic,these three tensions are the result of the combined effects of controlling multilevel administrative logic,market logic,and academic logic.It is suggested to appropriately weaken the institutional inertia of controlling multi-layer administrative leadership,strengthen the strategic position of university knowledge innovation,give consideration to free exploratory research and organized scientific research,in order to build a balanced mechanism of R&D investment in the new national system.

关 键 词：新型举国体制 一流大学 研发投入 制度逻辑 

分 类 号：G644[文化科学—高等教育学]