中国数字经济就业吸纳与带动能力的时空变化特征  

Spatio-temporal Characteristics of China's Digital Economy's Ability to Absorb and Drive Employment

作　　者：蒋雨彤 封永刚 JIANG Yutong;FENG Yonggang(School of Economics,Southwestern University of Finance and Economics,Chengdu 611130,Sichuan,China;Institute of Population and Labor Economics,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 100006,China)

机构地区：[1]西南财经大学经济学院,四川成都611130 [2]中国社会科学院人口与劳动经济研究所,北京100006

出　　处：《经济地理》2024年第5期117-125,共9页Economic Geography

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年项目(72203233);国家自然科学基金专项项目(72141310)。

摘　　要：文章基于国家统计局的数字经济核心产业定义,构建包含数字经济的省级投入产出表,与历年全国人口普查、1%人口抽样调查的省级分行业就业数据进行合并,采用投入产出分析技术对2000—2020年中国数字经济就业吸纳与带动能力的演变趋势进行分析。研究发现:(1)数字经济的就业吸纳与带动能力均明显上升,就业吸纳能力的增速更高。(2)数字服务业反超数字制造业,成为吸纳就业的主要行业;数字经济通过不断增加对服务业的中间产品需求,对租赁和商务服务业、传统批发和零售业等服务业的就业带动效应不断增强。(3)北京、天津、广州、江苏和上海始终是数字经济吸纳就业和带动就业的优势区域,随着数字经济向中西部地区渗透,在中西部省份已经形成了梯度明显的就业吸纳或带动能力较强的新区。(4)八大综合经济区的就业吸纳与带动能力差异趋于缩小,三大沿海地区与五大内陆地区之间差异的缩小是主要驱动力。基于此,文章提出了顺应数字经济就业,加强就业技能培训,提升就业质量和完善就业吸纳与带动能力建设的相关建议。Based on the definition of core industries of digital economy by the National Bureau of Statistics of China,this article constructs a provincial input-output table including the digital economy,merges it with the provincial employment data of the national population census and the national 1% population sample survey,and analyzes the evolution trend of China's digital economy's ability to absorb and drive employment from 2000 to 2020.It's found that:1) Digital economy's ability to absorb and drive employment have increased significantly,and the growth rate of the ability to absorb employment is even higher.2) The digital service industry has surpassed the digital manufacturing industry and become the main industry to absorb employment.Through the continuous increase in the demand for intermediate products in the service industry,the digital economy has a constantly enhanced employment-driven effect on the leasing and business service industry,traditional wholesale and retail industries and other service industries.3) Beijing,Tianjin,Guangzhou,Jiangsu and Shanghai have always been the advantageous areas for the digital economy to absorb and drive employment.With the penetration of the digital economy into the central and western regions,provincial-level regions in central and western China have formed new areas with ability in absorbing or driving employment.4) The differences in the ability to absorb and drive employment of the eight comprehensive economic zones tend to narrow,and the narrowing of the differences between the three major coastal regions and the five major inland regions is the main driving force.Based on the above,this paper puts forward suggestions to strengthen employment skills training,improve the quality of employment in line with the new trend of employment in the digital economy,and improve ability to absorb and drive employment.

关 键 词：数字经济 就业 投入产出分析 基尼系数 吸纳与带动能力 数字服务业 灵活就业 

分 类 号：F49[经济管理—产业经济]