资本如何驯服劳动力?——马克思《资本论》的福柯式权力主义解读  

How Capital Tames Labor Power:A Foucaultian Powerism Interpretation of Marx's Capital

作　　者：吴奕乐 陈嘉明[2] Wu Yile;Chen Jiaming(School of Marxism,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200240,China;School of Humanities,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200240,China)

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学马克思主义学院,上海200240 [2]上海交通大学人文学院,上海200240

出　　处：《浙江大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2024年第5期18-28,共11页Journal of Zhejiang University:Humanities and Social Sciences

摘　　要：马克思在《资本论》中揭示了资本对权力的渴望,福柯对之的解读凸显出《资本论》中的权力视角,加深了对资本主义生产方式的认知,有助于探究资本如何驯服劳动力这一马克思资本权力理论中的关键问题。马克思《资本论》的福柯式权力主义解读包含三个基本命题:第一,协作劳动是资本获得权力的必要前提;第二,规训是资本权力驯顺肉体的技术体系;第三,资本权力追求劳动力供给的持续与稳定。尽管福柯式权力主义解读拓宽了我们对《资本论》权力理论的认知,但仍需明确两者之间的视差:福柯理论思考中更多着眼于质疑、揭露与批判,却不善于提出推进社会发展的建设性方案;与之不同的是,马克思从唯物史观出发,主张人类可以有意识地对社会结构进行改造。资本权力进化出了许多新形态,如金融权力、科技权力、基于源代码和大数据的算法权力等,通过马克思资本权力思想的底层建构以及福柯的阐释,我们能看清这些资本权力的多种表现形式并未脱离和改变资本权力的本质属性。The relationship between capital and power has long been studied in the academia.However,there are still several unanswered questions about capital power in Marx's Capital.These include what factors enable capital to gain power,why workers submit to labor control,the role of capital power outside productive labor,how capital subdues workers' bodies and minds,how it punishes disobedient workers,and the extent to which capital power is successful.To answer these questions,Foucault's theory of power is an important reference for Marx's theory of capital power.Foucault's interpretation of Marx's Capital emphasizes the power perspective,deepens our understanding of the capitalist mode of production,and helps us explore the key issue of “how capital tames labor” in Marx's theory of capital power.Foucault's interpretation of Marx has three key propositions.First,collaborative labor is essential for capital to obtain power.The production mode of collective force and collaborative labor force workers to accept the control of capital power,enabling the bourgeoisie to gain power.The power of capital to dominate labor is continually increasing,and the dependence of workers on capital is also deepening.Second,discipline is the technical system for capital power to obtain and tame the body.The capitalist mode of production has created new demands that can be achieved by discipline.According to Marx,capital relies on power to regulate and control the production of labour.Foucault introduced the term “discipline” to explain how this power is manifested and implemented,revealing how it is embedded in the society.The disciplinary society described by Foucault is present in Marx's capitalist society.Through a series of technologies,the bourgeoisie can directly or indirectly control the body and actions of workers,ultimately serving the purpose of capital accumulation.Third,capital power pursues the sustained and stable supply of labor.Power relies on the policy of industrial reserve forces to accumulate a continuous stream

关 键 词：马克思 《资本论》 福柯 资本权力 资本主义 

分 类 号：F240[经济管理—劳动经济] F014.39[经济管理—国民经济]