基于不同滴灌定额的压砂瓜需水规律  

Water demand regulation of pressed sand melon based on different drip irrigation quotas

作　　者：庞婷婷 陈星宜 张泽瑾 戴沛健 张磊[1,2,5] PANG Ting-ting;CHEN Xing-yi;ZHANG Ze-jin;DAI Pei-jian;ZHANG Lei(Key Laboratory for Meteorological Disaster Monitoring and Early Warning and Risk Management of Characteristic Agriculture in Arid Regions,China Meteorological Administration,Yinchuan 750002,China;Ningxia Key Laboratory for Meteorological Disaster Prevention and Reduction,Yinchuan 750002,China;Zhongwei Meteorological Bureau,Zhongwei 755000,Ningxia,China;Zhongwei City Emergency Management Bureau,Zhongwei 755000,Ningxia,China;Ningxia Institute of Meteorological Science,Yinchuan 750002,China)

机构地区：[1]中国气象局旱区特色农业气象灾害监测预警与风险管理重点实验室,宁夏银川750002 [2]宁夏气象防灾减灾重点实验室,宁夏银川750002 [3]中卫市气象局,宁夏中卫755000 [4]中卫市应急管理局,宁夏中卫755000 [5]宁夏气象科学研究所,宁夏银川750002

出　　处：《湖北农业科学》2024年第7期92-97,104,共7页Hubei Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：宁夏自然科学基金项目(2020AAC03471)。

摘　　要：在田间试验条件下,采用随机区组设计,灌溉定额设置4个处理:高水600 m^(3)/hm^(2)(A1)、中水450 m^(3)/hm^(2)(A2)、中水300 m^(3)/hm^(2)(A3)、低水150 m^(3)/hm^(2)(A4)和1个不灌水对照(CK),研究不同灌溉定额下压砂瓜田间土壤含水率、作物系数、产量、水分利用效率和需水规律。结果表明,压砂瓜随着灌溉定额的增加,土壤含水率、耗水量和产量均增加。0~40 cm土层土壤含水率在A1处理下最高,CK最低,对比不同土层土壤含水率变化,0~10 cm波动最明显,10~20 cm和20~30 cm波动次之,30~40 cm波动最小;不同处理各生育阶段耗水量表现为果实膨大期>开花坐果期>伸蔓期>苗期>成熟期,日耗水量表现为开花坐果期>果实膨大期>伸蔓期>苗期>成熟期;各生育阶段作物系数表现为开花坐果期>果实膨大期>伸蔓期>苗期>成熟期。水分利用效率在一定范围内随灌溉定额增加而增大,但灌溉量过高,水分利用效率反而会降低。中水处理A2水分利用效率最高,水资源被充分利用。兼顾节水、水分利用效率、经济价值三方面综合考虑,中水处理A2(450 m^(3)/hm^(2))为最适宜的灌溉定额。Under the conditions of the field experiment,a randomized block design was adopted,and the irrigation quota was set to four treatments:High water 600 m^(3)/hm^(2)(A1),medium water 450 m^(3)/hm^(2)(A2),medium water 300 m^(3)/hm^(2)(A3),low water 150 m^(3)/hm^(2)(A4)and one control without irrigation(CK).The soil moisture content,crop coefficient,yield,water use efficiency and water de-mand regulation were studied in the field of pressed sand melon under different irrigation quotas.The results showed that soil moisture content,water consumption and yield increased with the increase of irrigation quota.The soil moisture content of 0~40 cm soil layer was the highest under A1 treatment,and the lowest under CK treatment.Comparing soil moisture content in different soil layers,the fluctuation of 0~10 cm was the most obvious,the fluctuation of 10~20 cm and 20~30 cm was the second,and the fluctuation of 30~40 cm was the least;water consumption at different growth stages under different treatments was manifested as fruit expansion stage>flow-ering and fruit-setting stage>extension stage>seedling stage>maturity stage,the daily water consumption was flowering and fruiting stage>fruit expansion stage>extension stage>seedling stage>maturity stage;the crop coefficient of each growth stage was flowering and fruit-setting stage>fruit expansion stage>extension stage>seedling stage>maturity stage.The water use efficiency increased with the increase of irrigation quota within a certain range,but the water use efficiency decreased when the irrigation amount was too high.Medium water treatment A2 had the highest water utilization efficiency,and the water resources were fully utilized.In consider-ation of water saving,water use efficiency and economic value,medium water treatment A2(450 m^(3)/hm^(2))was the most suitable irriga-tion quota.

关 键 词：压砂瓜 灌溉定额 需水规律 作物系数 水分利用效率 

分 类 号：S274.1[农业科学—农业水土工程] S275.6[农业科学—农业工程]