硼硅酸盐核废料玻璃在深地质处置过程中腐蚀机理研究进展  

Corrosion Mechanism of Borosilicate Nuclear Waste Glass During Deep Geological Disposal:A Short Review

作　　者：张宇轩 马瑞 崔秀涛 吴楠楠 欧阳顺利 ZHANG Yuxuan;MA Rui;CUI Xiutao;WU Nannan;OUYANG Shunli(Guangzhou Maritime University,Guangzhou 510725,China;School of Material and Metallurgy,Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology,Baotou 014010,Inner mongolia,China)

机构地区：[1]广州航海学院,广州510725 [2]内蒙古科技大学材料与冶金学院,内蒙古包头014010

出　　处：《硅酸盐学报》2024年第5期1749-1760,共12页Journal of The Chinese Ceramic Society

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(11964025,11564031)。

摘　　要：在放射性核废料深地质处置过程中,硼硅酸盐玻璃是目前国际上首选的固化材料。但是在10^(5)~10^(6)年的时间尺度上不能排除地下水对玻璃侵蚀,因此需要进行玻璃在水溶液环境中的长时间腐蚀机制的研究。研究过程发现,大多数玻璃最终都会以一个及其缓慢的残余速率腐蚀,因此可以使利用玻璃在深地质处置核废料。本综述针对硼硅酸盐核废料玻璃现有的腐蚀现象、行为及模型进行了总结,并讨论其中存在的问题,为玻璃长期腐蚀性研究提出可能的研究设想。The possibility and potential impact of a nuclear accident are a subject of debate and a key factor in public concern for nuclear facilities virtually since the first reactor.Although nuclear power plants have several built-in physical barriers to maintain the safety of the system,they are designed to prevent radioactive isotopes from escaping into the environment.However,the experiences for past few decades indicate that nuclear accidents can happen.The radioactive waste produced by nuclear power plants also threatens the natural environment and human health.It can exist in the natural environment for up to 100000 years.Deep geological disposal of spent fuel and radioactive waste is the most feasible and safe option.The permanent disposal of highly radioactive nuclear waste is to place it in a container that can be isolated from the natural environment until the radioactivity of the fission products reducing to a safe level.The short-term and long-term corrosion mechanism of glass is one of the key points.The current research is to use various methods to simulate the short-term and long-term behaviors of the glass body in different geological environments.However,there is a lack of effective connections between various experiments.In just a few decades after the vitrified body is buried,countless problems that are not considered in the disposal of waste glass are discovered.The current situation is that existing research results lag far behind actual needs.From this point of view,research related to the corrosion of solidified glass is not a precautionary measure,but an urgent one that cannot be delayed.Borosilicate glass is currently a material of choice internationally for immobilizing high-level nuclear waste,including excess plutonium from dismantled nuclear weapons and highly radioactive liquid/solid waste from spent fuel reprocessing.In geological repositories,nuclear waste containing borosilicate glass is embedded in a multi-barrier containment system that should prevent water from entering the glass and

关 键 词：核废料玻璃 腐蚀 化学亲和力模型 蚀变层 

分 类 号：TQ171[化学工程—玻璃工业]