面向航天领域极端环境应用的金刚石材料及其器件  

Diamond Materials and Devices for Extreme Environment Applications in Aerospace

作　　者：王伟华 贾怡[1] 李振 杨宇[2] 张尧 代兵 韩杰才 朱嘉琦 WANG Weihua;JIA Yi;LI Zhen;YANG Yu;ZHANG Yao;DAI Bing;HAN Jiecai;ZHU Jiaqi(China Aerospace Science and Technology Innovation Research Institute,Beijing 100176,China;National Key Laboratory of Special Environment of Composite Technology,Harbin Institute of Technology,Harbin 150001,China;Beijing Institute of Control Engineering,Beijing 100190,China)

机构地区：[1]中国航天科技创新研究院,北京100176 [2]哈尔滨工业大学特种环境复合材料技术国家级重点实验室,哈尔滨150001 [3]北京控制工程研究所,北京100190

出　　处：《硅酸盐学报》2024年第5期1778-1788,共11页Journal of The Chinese Ceramic Society

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2020YFA0709700,2016YFE0201600);广东省重点研发计划(2020B010169002);国家自然科学基金(52072087);黑龙江省自然科学基金(YQ2020E008);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助(HIT.OCEF.2022048)。

摘　　要：随着世界主要国家航天工程从近地轨道向深空环境推进,航天器要实现在极端环境下可靠工作面临许多新问题。从太空辐照环境恶化到可持续能源问题掣肘,从高集成、高热流器件散热困难到航天器健康监测传感器向高灵敏方向发展,上述问题都亟需发展新一代航天器技术。金刚石独特的晶体结构使其具有“硬、高、透、宽、快”5大特性,决定了其在极端环境下表现出耐高温、耐高压、抗辐照等性能。本文主要总结了金刚石在深空探测、便携电源、智能热控、量子传感和光学窗口等航天领域的应用现状,并展望了发展前景。As the world major national space projects advance from near-Earth orbit to the deep space,spacecraft have some challenges to operate reliably in extreme environments.It is thus necessary for the development of spacecraft to solve the problems(i.e.,From the deterioration of the space irradiated environment to the constraints of energy problems far from the sun,from the difficulties of high heat flow and heat dissipation of highly integrated devices to the development trend of highly sensitive sensors for spacecraft health monitoring).Diamond has five characteristics like"hard,high,transparent,wide and fast"due to its unique crystal structure,determining its high temperature resistance,high frequency resistance,high pressure resistance and irradiation resistance in extreme environments.Deep space exploration plays a role in space environment sensing and pulsar-based navigation by detecting X-ray,ultraviolet and particles from solar radiation.Diamond detectors are fabricated based on photovoltaic effect and/or interaction between particle and diamond.Electrode structure,device structure,and diamond quality have an impact on the detector performance.The detector arrays with large area and excellent performance with the heteroepitaxial diamond size of 1.0-3.5 inches are developed.In addition,a portable power supply based on isotope batteries is also an effective option to solve the problem of insufficient solar radiation during deep space exploration.A radio-voltaic effect isotope battery mainly utilizes the photovoltaic effect generated by the high-energy particle radiation released during isotope decay inside the semiconductor energy transfer junction to generate output current.Compared with other wide-bandgap semiconductors including Si C,Ga N,Al Ga As and diamond,diamond has a higher electron-hole pair generation efficiency of 44.2%.The existing transducer junction structure focuses on metal/diamond Schottky junction and diamond/other semiconductors P-N junction,on account of the lack of efficient N-doping.A open

关 键 词：金刚石 航天领域 极端环境 深空探测 量子传感 

分 类 号：V19[航空宇航科学与技术—人机与环境工程]