先占视野下专利抵触申请制度的理论构造与要素澄清  

Clarification of the Theoretical Structure and Elements of the Patent Contradiction Filing System under the Perspective of Prior Possession

作　　者：王怀宾 Wang Huaibin

机构地区：[1]西南政法大学民商法学院

出　　处：《电子知识产权》2024年第6期40-55,共16页Electronics Intellectual Property

基　　金：重庆市教委人文社会科学重点项目(项目编号:22SKGH007)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：专利法传统和公共政策目标深刻影响着抵触申请制度的构建,然而其弊端在于:一方面,专利法传统的路径依赖直接导致国际层面抵触申请制度的模式分歧,严重束缚抵触申请制度的发展;另一方面,公共政策目标的时政性导致国内抵触申请制度发展呈现出“头痛医头、脚痛医脚”的打补丁式改革,缺乏制度稳健性和可预期,不符合成熟制度的发展趋势。我国抵触申请制度数次就关键要素进行改革,实践中也存在争议和误解。因此,应超越专利法传统和公共政策目标的基本理论,重新审视抵触申请制度发展的可能进路。抵触申请制度作为专利制度的一部分,应当符合专利法原理的基本面向。回归专利法的财产法属性,先占理论对抵触申请制度具有较好的阐释力,可以此对抵触申请制度理论和实践中的部分要素争议进行澄清。Patent law tradition and public policy objectives have a profound impact on the construction of the application system,but the disadvantage is that,on the one hand,the path dependence of the patent law tradition directly leads to the divergence of the model of the application system at the international level,which seriously restricts the development of the application system;on the other hand,the topicality of public policy objectives has led to the development of the domestic offset application system showing the patchwork reform of“treating the head when there is a headache and treating the foot when there is a foot sore”,which lacks the robustness and predictability of the system,and is not in line with the trend of the development of mature systems.China’s offsetting application system has been reformed on several occasions in respect of key elements,and there have been disputes and misunderstandings in practice.Therefore,the possible way forward for the development of the offset application system should be re-examined by the basic theory beyond the tradition of patent law and public policy objectives.As a part of the patent system,the offset application system should be in line with the basic orientation of patent law principles.Returning to the property law attribute of patent law,the theory of prior occupation has better explanatory power for the offset application system,which can be used to clarify some of the elements of controversy in the theory and practice of the offset application system.

关 键 词：专利抵触申请 先占 先发明原则 先申请原则 

分 类 号：D913[政治法律—民商法学]