马克思对资本剥夺性的透视与批判——基于劳动与生产资料所有权两度分离的考察  

The Historical Boundaries of Capital from the Perspective of Capital:A Study Based on the Separation of Labor and Ownership ofthe Means of Production

作　　者：黄玮杰[1] HUANG Weijie(Department of Philosophy,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210023,Jiangsu)

机构地区：[1]南京大学哲学系,江苏南京210023

出　　处：《厦门大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2024年第4期8-15,共8页Journal of Xiamen University(A Bimonthly for Studies in Arts & Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“当代精神分析与马克思社会批判理论发展研究”(20CZX004)。

摘　　要：马克思在《资本论》中再现了在资本主义历史发展过程中,劳动与生产资料所有权的分离以及之后的管理劳动与生产资料所有权的分离,并透视了资本在此过程中的剥夺性本质。随着劳动与生产资料所有权的两度分离,脱离现实的再生产过程的资本在非生产领域依靠虚拟资本投机以及吞并其他资本所占有的剩余价值而延续着其剥夺性,其历史局限性进一步暴露,进而也离其自身的消亡越来越近,这为劳动者对资本进行“积极的扬弃”提供了条件。《资本论》所蕴含的对资本剥夺性的透视可以有效证伪当代西方话语将资本视为具有特殊“贡献”的永恒神秘“物”的拜物教思想,揭示资本作为剥夺性关系的实质与界限,这有助于在实践中“正确认识和把握资本的特性和行为规律”,探索资本作为“带动各类生产要素集聚配置的重要纽带”的关系性功能。In Das Kapital,Marx explored the historical development of capitalism and highlighted the separation of labor from the ownership of the means of production,as well as the subsequent separation of management labor from this ownership.He keenly observed the deprivative nature of capital in this process.As labor becomes detached from ownership,capital,in reality,“survives”only in the non-productive sphere through speculation on fictitious capital and by absorbing surplus value from other capital.The historical boundaries of capital are constantly being pushed further.The critical ideas presented in Das Kapital effectively challenge the fetishistic notion prevalent in contemporary Western discourse,which views capital as an eternal and mysterious“thing”with unique“contributions.”They reveal the essence and limits of capital as a relational existence.This understanding is crucial in order to“correctly comprehend and grasp the characteristics and behavioral laws of capital”in practical terms.It also allows for an exploration of the relational function of capital as“an important link that drives the aggregation and allocation of various factors of production”.

关 键 词：马克思 《资本论》 资本 所有权 再生产 

分 类 号：B0-0[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学]