对马克思剥削观的“误诊”——诺齐克的批评与柯亨的辩护  

The“Misdiagnosis”of Marx's View on Exploitation——Robert Nozick's Criticism and G.A.Cohen's Defense

作　　者：林进平 Lin Jinping

机构地区：[1]中山大学马克思主义学院

出　　处：《世界哲学》2024年第4期5-15,160,共12页World Philosophy

摘　　要：诺齐克认为马克思的剥削观无法成立,他以批驳马克思的劳动价值论和工人的雇佣劳动不是出于“被迫”来批评马克思的剥削观。其批驳令柯亨深感理论上的不安,为此他进行了理论抗辩,但其抗辩却因未能认识到诺齐克立论的致命缺陷——自我所有权是劳动价值论的基石——而使整个辩护归于失败。可见,从政治哲学的视角去理解马克思,特别是将自我所有权原则赋予马克思,不论是批评者,还是辩护者,都难窥马克思剥削观之堂奥,马克思终究不是一位对剥削进行道德控诉的学究式哲学家。By refuting Marx's labor theory of value as well as that workers'wage labor was not“forced”,Robert Nozick criticized that Marx's view on exploitation could not be established.The rebuttal brought deep unease to G.A.Cohen,so that he made a theoretical defense.But his defense failed as a whole because he failed to recognize that Nozick's argument involved a fatal flaw with self-ownership as the cornerstone of the labor theory of value.Therefore,to understand Marx from the perspective of political philosophy,especially to credit him the principle of self-ownership,it is much more difficult for both critics and defenders to grasp the profoundness of Marx's view on exploitation.After all,Marx is not a pedantic philosopher who made a moral critique against exploitation.

关 键 词：马克思 剥削 诺齐克 柯亨 自我所有权 

分 类 号：D0[政治法律—政治学]