广东革命政府的军事教育整合——黄埔建军的线索之一  

Integration of Military Education in the Revolutionary Government of Guangdong: Insights into the National Revolutionary Army Being Built from the Whampoa Military Academy

作　　者：李在全 Li Zaiquan

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院大学、近代史研究所、中国历史研究院近代以来中国历史学知识体系研究中心,北京100101

出　　处：《中山大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第4期71-82,共12页Journal of Sun Yat-sen University(Social Science Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金中国历史研究院重大委托项目“新民主主义革命史”(LSYZD21012)。

摘　　要：在1924年筹建黄埔军校前后,广东革命政府所辖的各派军队也基本建立各自的军校。各军自成系统,各校各自为政。随着广东军政逐渐统一,军事教育开启整合进程,作为军事教育龙头的黄埔军校逐渐合并其他军校。1924年10、11月,吴铁城所属广东警卫军讲武堂、程潜所部陆军讲武学校并入黄埔军校。1925年6月平定杨刘滇桂军叛乱中,滇桂军所属的滇军干部学校、桂军军官学校也整合进入黄埔军校。1925年底国民党中央决议统一军事教育方案,决定“打破地方主义”,各军原有学校一律裁撤,归并黄埔军校统筹办理,军校名称由“中国国民党陆军军官学校”改为“国民革命军中央军事政治学校”。军事教育整合是广东军政统一的组成部分,频繁的军事行动和军政形势变动以及高层与底层的革命力量,均是军事教育整合的助推力量。黄埔军校之所以迅速发展,得益于广东革命政府的军事教育整合,这是理解黄埔建军的重要线索之一。At the time of the preparation for the establishment of the Whampoa Military Academy黄埔军校in 1924,the various factions of the army under the Guangdong Revolutionary Government had also established their own military academies,with each army and military academy operating independently and managing their own affairs.As Guangdong’s military and political administration gradually unified,the process of military education integration began,with the Whampoa Military Academy,the leader in military education,gradually absorbing other military academies.In October and November of 1924,the Guangdong Guard Army under Wu Tiecheng吴铁城and the Army Academy under Cheng Qian程潜were incorporated into the Whampoa Military Academy.In June 1925,during the suppression of the Yang Liu Dian Gui Army杨刘滇桂军rebellion,the Yunnan Army Cadre School belonging to the Yunnan Army and the Guangxi Army Officers Academy belonging to the Guangxi Army were also integrated into the Whampoa Military Academy.By the end of 1925,the Central Committee of the Kuomintang resolved to unify the military education program,breaking down regionalism by abolishing all existing military academies of the various factions and merging them into the Whampoa Military Academy,renaming it from the“Chinese Kuomintang Army Officer Academy”to the“Central Military-Political School of the National Revolutionary Army”.The integration of military education was an integral part of the unification of Guangdong’s military and political administration.Frequent military operations,changes in the military and political situation,and the revolutionary forces at both the top and bottom of the hierarchy,were all contributing forces to the integration of military education.The rapid development of the Whampoa Military Academy,thanks to the integration of military education by the revolutionary government in Guangdong,provides a key insight into understanding how the National Revolutionary Army was built on the basis of the Whampoa Military Academy.

关 键 词：黄埔军校 广东革命政府 军事教育 国共合作 粤军 客军 

分 类 号：D693[政治法律—政治学] E296.3[政治法律—中外政治制度] K26[军事—军事理论]