建构共识:在精英结构分化的村庄落实“一肩挑”——基于“S村”的经验研究  

Building Consensus:Implementing“One-Shoulder”Policy in Village S with Divided Elite Structure

作　　者：夏瑛[1,2] 吴天慧 Xia Ying;Wu Tianhui

机构地区：[1]中山大学政治与公共事务管理学院 [2]中山大学中国公共管理研究中心,广州510275 [3]爱荷华大学政治学系,美国爱荷华州

出　　处：《中山大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第4期155-164,共10页Journal of Sun Yat-sen University(Social Science Edition)

摘　　要：村级组织负责人“一肩挑”制度对解决村庄“两委”矛盾,强化党组织在农村基层治理中的领导核心地位有重要意义。但是,在“两委”力量相互制衡、精英结构相对分化的村庄,“一肩挑”制度的推行并不顺利。2021年,A镇在所辖16个行政村推行“一肩挑”制度,其中15个村都顺利实现了村内组织“一肩挑”,唯独“S村”遭遇瓶颈。其主要原因是该村已形成比较稳定的村“两委”相互制衡的精英结构,仅靠村庄自治力量难以实现权力整合。在这种情况下,乡镇党委通过灵活运用党的工作方法分别在村庄精英内部以及村民内部建构共识,为强调权力整合的“一肩挑”制度创造条件。一方面,通过党内干部工作方法在原村干部内部打破隔阂,在村庄精英中凝聚候选人共识;另一方面,利用群众工作方法凝聚村庄民意,在村民中构建选举共识。在村庄自治力量存在分化的情况下,党的领导对整合村庄精英、建构村内共识起到了关键作用。Concurrent appointment for village head and village party leader,known as the“One-Shoulder”policy is essential for strengthening party leadership at the grassroots level.However,the implementation of this policy is problematic in villages with divided elite structures.When County A intended to implement the“One-Shoulder”policy in the 16 villages under its jurisdiction,Village S became the only village unable to implement it.Neither the former village chief nor the village party secretary was willing to give up their positions to the other.In order to break this deadlock,the county-level party organization started from two aspects to build consensus and bridge the differences between village elites.On the one hand,the grassroots party committee utilized cadre work method to build candidate consensus among village elites.On the other hand,the mass line work method was used to build electoral consensus among villagers.As can be seen from this case,grassroots party organizations have played a crucial role in the effective implementation of central policies in the rural areas by integrating differences and forming consensus.

关 键 词：“一肩挑” 村庄精英结构 村庄选举 干部工作方法 群众工作方法 

分 类 号：D422.6[政治法律—政治学] D267.2[政治法律—国际共产主义运动]