熔盐塔式太阳能吸热器传热特性计算模型研究进展  

Research progress on calculation models of heat transfer characteristics of molten salt tower solar absorbers

作　　者：唐宪友 张亚南 李欣怡 白凤武[2,3] 王志峰 TANG Xianyou;ZHANG Yanan;LI Xinyi;BAI Fengwu;WANG Zhifeng(CGN New Energy Holdings Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100160,China;Institute of Electrical Engineering,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China)

机构地区：[1]中国广核新能源控股有限公司,北京100160 [2]中国科学院电工研究所,北京100190 [3]中国科学院大学,北京100190

出　　处：《热力发电》2024年第7期24-33,共10页Thermal Power Generation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51976213)。

摘　　要：熔盐塔式太阳能热发电技术是目前国际主流的光热发电技术,熔盐吸热器作为将太阳能转换为热能的核心设备,其性能直接影响系统发电效率,吸热器安全性影响电厂运行小时数。因此,建立熔盐吸热器传热模型,获得准确的传热特性十分重要。对主流的外置圆柱式熔盐吸热器的传热计算模型进行了系统梳理,总结了传热模型中投入辐射能、辐射热损失、对流热损失及熔盐得热量的计算过程及基本方法。根据计算结果的精细程度,吸热器传热模型分为详细模型和简化模型。详细模型的计算精度高,能细致反映实际能量转换过程,但计算成本较高,瞬态过程计算耗时多,但其特定工况的计算结果可为简化模型提供计算结果的验证参考。简化模型是对描述熔盐吸热器传热特性的理论模型做合理简化,在较为准确地完成计算的同时具备较快的计算速度,多用于吸热器设计阶段。通过各模型特点及性能的总结对比,可为熔盐吸热器热性能计算过程的传热模型选择提供技术指导。The technology of concentrating solar power tower plant with molten salt is currently the predominant photothermal power generation technology globally.The performance of the molten salt receiver,which serves as the core device for converting solar energy into heat,directly influences the system’s power generation efficiency.Additionally,the safety of the receiver affects the operational hours of the power plant.Consequently,it is crucial to develop a heat transfer model for the molten salt receiver and ascertain its precise heat transfer characteristics.This paper systematically organizes the heat transfer calculation model for the mainstream external cylindrical molten salt receiver,delineating the calculation process and fundamental methods for input radiant energy,radiant heat loss,convective heat loss,and molten salt heat gain within the heat transfer model.Based on the refinement level of the calculation outcomes,the heat transfer model of the receiver is bifurcated into a detailed model and a simplified model.While the detailed model boasts high calculation accuracy,offering a comprehensive representation of the actual energy conversion process,it is computationally expensive and requires extended transient process calculations.Conversely,its specific working condition calculations serve as a verification reference for the simplified model’s results.The simplified model entails a judicious simplification of the theoretical model that describes the heat transfer characteristics of the molten salt receiver,facilitating faster calculations while maintaining accuracy.It is predominantly employed during the design phase.By comparing and contrasting the characteristics and performance of these models,technical guidance can be offered for selecting appropriate heat transfer models for thermal performance calculation processes in molten salt receivers.

关 键 词：熔盐塔式太阳能热发电技术 外置圆柱式吸热器 计算模型 热性能参数 

分 类 号：TM615[电气工程—电力系统及自动化]