当下的中国农业在多大程度上存在过密化——来自黑龙江农垦农户经营的证据  

To What Extent Does Agriculture Become Over-intensive in China:Evidence from Farmers'of Heilongjiang Agricultural Reclamation

作　　者：石锐 周曙东[2] SHI Rui;ZHOU Shudong

机构地区：[1]扬州大学商学院,扬州225127 [2]南京农业大学经济管理学院,南京210095

出　　处：《农业技术经济》2024年第6期4-17,共14页Journal of Agrotechnical Economics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金应急项目(编号:72141012)。

摘　　要：近年来,中国农业过密化问题引起广泛的社会关注。本文基于黑龙江省农垦447户农户2018年的种植业调查数据,利用三阶段DEA模型测算农业过密化程度,并从土地经营规模视角进一步讨论如何纾解农业过密化。研究发现,现阶段黑龙江农垦农户的农业过密化均处于较高水平,其中,农药过密化程度最高,超过了40%,其他要素投入的过密化程度均在30%以上。基于不同土地经营规模农户的研究发现,大规模农户过密化程度最低,其次为小规模农户,中规模农户的过密化程度最高。为有效纾解农业过密化,本文认为中国农业应该走小规模精细化农业模式的道路,或进一步扩大规模,开展大规模农业经营模式,避免陷入中规模经营农业过密化陷阱。The problem of China's agricultural over-intensity has aroused widespread social concern recently.Based on the planting industry survey data of 447 farmers in Heilongjiang Province in 2018,this study uses the three-stage DEA model to measure the degree of agricultural over-density,and further discusses how to alleviate agricultural over-intensity from the perspective of land management scale.The results indicate that:there are different degrees of over-intensity in agricultural management of farmers in Heilongjiang Province,which are at a high level.Among them,the over-intensity degree of pesticides is the highest,which exceeds 40%,and the over-intensity degree of other inputs is above 30%.Based on different land management scale,farmers are divided into small scale,medium scale and large scale.The results show that the over-intensity degree of large-scale farmers is the lowest,followed by small-scale farmers,while the over-intensity degree of medium-scale farmers is relatively high.This paper reveals that agriculture should take a small-scale fine agricultural model,or further expand the scale,take a large-scale agricultural operation model,and step out of the trap of medium-scale operation in China.

关 键 词：农业过密化 三阶段DEA 土地经营规模 黑龙江农垦 

分 类 号：F327[经济管理—产业经济]