固态锂金属电池复合电解质的研究进展及展望  

Recent Advances and Future Perspectives of Composite Electrolytes for Solid Lithium-Metal Batteries

作　　者：李风光 夏水鑫 Li Fengguang;Xia Shuixin(School of Materials and Chemistry,University of Shanghai for Science and Technology,Shanghai 200093,China)

机构地区：[1]上海理工大学材料与化学学院,上海200093

出　　处：《稀有金属》2024年第5期714-727,共14页Chinese Journal of Rare Metals

基　　金：上海市青年科技启明星计划项目(21QA1406500);上海市自然科学基金项目(22ZR1443900)资助。

摘　　要：基于固体电解质(SSE)的固态锂金属电池可以同时实现电池的高能量密度和高安全性而成为储能领域的研究热点。固体电解质主要包括聚合物固体电解质和无机固体电解质两大类。聚合物固体电解质柔性好、成本低其易加工,但其室温电导率通常较低;无机固体电解质室温电导率较高,但其制备工艺复杂、成本较高,而且其硬度较大导致与电极界面相容性差。发展有机-无机复合固体电解质可以有效综合两者的优势,因此被认为是最有大规模实际应用前景的材料之一。科研工作者提出了多种复合固体电解质结构设计的有效策略,主要包括低维无机填料改性、三维无机填料改性以及电解质多层复合。同时,为了实现高能量密度固态电池的构建,固体电解质超薄结构设计是必然选择。综述了近些年来有机-无机复合固体电解质的研究进展,重点阐述复合固体电解质的结构设计及其电化学性能,并对其未来发展方向进行了展望。Solid-state lithium-metal battery,based on solid electrolyte (SSE),are considered a research hotspot in the field of energy storage due to their advantages of high energy density and high safety.The use of solid electrolytes,rather than conventional toxic and flammable liquid electrolytes,can fundamentally address safety concerns.The development of solid electrolytes has also made the practical application of lithium metal possible.Li metal anodes have gained significant attention due to their ultrahigh specific capacity(3860 mAh·g~(-1)),low density and the lowest electrochemical potential (-3.04 V).The successful substitution of Li metal anode for the graphite anode can lead to a significant increase in the cell energy density.Various types of solid electrolytes have been reported for the construction of solid-state Li metal batteries.Inorganic solid electrolytes typically exhibit high ionic conductivity and mechanical strength.However,their commercial manufacturing is significantly limited by poor electrode/electrolyte interfacial compatibility and a tedious preparation procedure.In contrast,polymeric solid electrolytes offer good flexibility,low cost and excellent processability.Nevertheless,their low ionic conductivity at room temperature and poor mechanical strength seriously hindered their practical usage.The development of organic-inorganic composite solid electrolyte (O-ICSE) has effectively integrated the advantages of polymeric and inorganic solid electrolytes,making it the most promising solid electrolytes for large-scale practical application.Incorporating inorganic fillers into the polymer host can reduce the crystallinity of the polymer matrix and improve the fast ion transport.In addition,the fillers can immobilize anions,allowing for the rapid transport of Li~+and subsequent reduction of battery polarization.Inorganic fillers can be mainly categorized as either inert or active ones,with active fillers able to conduct ions themselves in addition to enhancing the transport of lithium ions by reduci

关 键 词：固体电解质(SSE) 固态锂金属电池 结构设计 电化学性能 

分 类 号：TF803.21[冶金工程—有色金属冶金]