2017—2021年河南省麻疹流行病学特征分析及防治措施  

Analyze of epidemiological characteristics of measles in Henan province from 2017 to 2021 and prevention and control measures

作　　者：黄会丽 HUANG Hui-li(Department of Infection Management,the Third Affiliated Hospital of Henan of Traditional Chinese Medicine University,Zhengzhou 450000,China)

机构地区：[1]河南中医药大学第三附属医院感染管理科,郑州450000

出　　处：《医药论坛杂志》2024年第11期1172-1176,共5页Journal of Medical Forum

摘　　要：目的分析2017—2021年河南省麻疹流行病学特征,并探讨防治措施。方法数据来源于中国疾病预防控制信息系统的疾病监测信息报告管理系统,采用描述流行病学方法分析2017年—2021年河南省麻疹流行病学特征。结果2017年—2021年河南省共报告麻疹病例1242例,年均发病率0.22/10万。2017—2021年报告发病率从2017年的麻疹发病率0.33/10万,上升到2018年的0.64/10万,随后逐渐下降至2019年的0.08/10万、2020年的0.02/10万、2021年的0.01/10万。其中,时间集中于4月(206例,占16.59%)、5月(269例,占21.66%)、6月(225例,占18.12%);男性、女性之比1.65∶1;年龄以≤8月龄(392例,占31.56%)与>45岁(379例,占30.52%)为主;职业分布以散居儿童为主;共144例有明确免疫接种史,占11.59%。结论2017—2021年河南省麻疹整体呈先升后降趋势,自2019年开始麻疹发病率已进入较低水平,发病时间集中于4月~6月,性别分布男性略多,发病年龄向8月龄及以下婴幼儿与45岁以上成人“双向转移”,职业分布以散居儿童为主,且明确免疫接种史率低。在现有工作的基础上,应结合现阶段河南省麻疹流行病学特征,做好精细化管理,同时加强免疫接种、麻疹监测,适时查漏补种以消除免疫空白。Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of measles in Henan province from 2017 to 2021 and explore prevention and control measures.Methods The data were collected from the disease surveillance information reporting management system of the Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System,descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of measles in Henan province from 2017 to 2021.Results A total of 1242 measles cases were reported in Henan province from 2017 to 2021,with an average annual incidence rate of 0.22/100,000.The reported incidence rate of measles from 2017 to 2021 increased from 0.33/100,000 in 2017 to 0.64/100,000 in 2018,and then gradually decreased to 0.08/100,000 in 2019,0.02/100,000 in 2020,and 0.01/100,000 in 2021.Among them,the onset time was concentrated in April(206 cases,accounting for 16.59%),May(269 cases,accounting for 21.66%),and June(225 cases,accounting for 18.12%);the ratio of male to female was 1.65∶1;the main age groups were≤8 months old(392 cases,accounting for 31.56%)and>45 years old(379 cases,accounting for 30.52%);the occupation was mainly among scattered children;a total of 144 cases had a clear history of immunization,accounting for 11.59%.Conclusion From 2017 to 2021,measles in Henan province has shown an overall upward trend and then downward trend.Since 2019,the incidence rate of measles has entered a low level.The onset time is concentrated in April to June.The gender distribution is slightly more in male.The age of onset shows a trend of"bidirectional transfer"towards infants and young children aged 8 months and below and adults aged 45 and above,the main occupation is scattered children,and the proportion of clear immunization history is low.On the basis of existing work,refined management should be carried out in combination with the current epidemiological characteristics of measles in Henan province.Meantime,immunization and measles monitoring should be strengthened,and timely detect and replac

关 键 词：河南省 麻疹 流行病学特征 防治措施 

分 类 号：R511.1[医药卫生—内科学]