自动化行政许可的制度优势与风险因应  

Institutional Advantages and Risk Response of Automated Administrative Licensing

作　　者：卢超[1,2] Lu Chao(Institute of Law,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 100720;University of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院法学研究所,北京100720 [2]中国社科院大学

出　　处：《中国行政管理》2024年第6期27-37,共11页Chinese Public Administration

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“事中事后监管与行政许可改革研究”(编号:21BFX049);中国社会科学院学科建设“登峰战略”资助计划资助(编号:DF2023YS33)。

摘　　要：“秒批”“无人审批”等自动化行政许可,成为当前我国优化营商环境改革实践的重要创新范式。自动化行政许可除了彰显出效能优势之外,还具有提升许可决策精准度与一致性、减少寻租空间等诸多治理价值。与此同时,自动化行政适用领域的渐次扩张带来更多的不确定性与风险,其对于数据汇聚共享的极高需求增加数据安全的风险系数,其采取的政企合作模式也增加了法律责任的认定难度。从制度完善角度,中央政府需要在自动化行政许可的政策试验过程中扮演更重要的枢纽角色,应坚持类型化思维,对自动化行政许可予以分类治理与扩展评估,努力实现自动化行政许可的数据汇聚共享与安全保障之间的平衡,进一步强化对智能审批系统政企合作模式的风险防控,修订《行政许可法》时应考虑增设专门的智能规范条款。Automated administrative licensing,such as"second approval"and"unmanned approval",has become an important innovative paradigm for the reform and practice of optimizing the business environment in China.In addition to the efficiency advantages,automated administrative licensing has other governance values such as improving the accuracy and consistency of licensing decisions and reducing rent-seeking space.At the same time,automated administrative licensing also brings many risks:the gradual expansion of the application scenario of automated administration brings more uncertainties;the high demand for data sharing in automated administrative licensing jeopardize data security;the mode of government-enterprise cooperation adopted by automated administrative licensing also increases the difficulty in identifying legal responsibilities of each party.From the perspective of system improvement,the central government needs to play a more pivotal role in the policy experiment process of automated administrative licensing.A typology thinking should be adopted to classify and control automated administrative licensing.Specialized intelligent regulatory provisions should be added in the future revision of the Administrative Licensing Law.

关 键 词：自动化行政 效能原则 数据共享 政企合作 智能审批 行政许可法 

分 类 号：D035[政治法律—政治学]