改性有机高分子吸附剂分离去除强酸性溶液中重金属的研究进展  

Research Progress of on the Separation and Removal of Heavy Metals from Strong Acidic Solutions by Modified Organic Polymer Adsorbents

作　　者：蒋燕妮 张为国 王丽婷 刘福强[1] JIANG Yan-ni;ZHANG Wei-guo;WANG Li-ting;LIU Fu-qiang(State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse,School of the Environment,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210023,China)

机构地区：[1]污染控制与资源化研究国家重点实验室,南京大学环境学院,南京210023

出　　处：《离子交换与吸附》2024年第3期182-195,I0001,共15页Ion Exchange and Adsorption

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(基金号51878334)。

摘　　要：吸附法是破解强酸性废水中重金属资源化处理难题的关键路径,其核心是新型吸附剂的研发与应用。含有特殊功能基的耐酸型改性有机高分子吸附剂具有较大的吸附容量与良好的选择性,适用于强酸性重金属废水处理、重金属废液提纯除杂等领域。文章重点针对改性人工合成高分子吸附剂和改性天然高分子吸附剂2类有机高分子吸附剂,系统比较分析了其分离去除强酸性溶液中重金属的特性与机制。对比分析发现,天然高分子吸附剂价格低、环保并带有丰富的配位基团,易接枝具有较强重金属阳离子亲和力、较低p Ka值的功能基,可充分发挥络合和静电作用提高其耐酸性及选择性,是耐酸型高性能改性有机高分子吸附剂的重要发展方向。Adsorption method is the key to solve the problem of resource treatment of heavy metals in strong acidic wastewater,the core of which is the development and application of new adsorbents.Acid-resistant modified organic polymer adsorbents containing special functional groups have high adsorption capacity and selectivity,which is suitable for the treatment of strong acidic heavy metal wastewater,purification of heavy metal waste liquid and other fields.This paper focused on two types of organic polymer adsorbents,modified artificial synthetic polymer adsorbent and modified natural polymer adsorbent,and systematically compared and analyzed their characteristics and mechanisms for separating and removing heavy metals in strong acidic solutions.Comparative analysis found that natural polymer adsorbents are low-cost,environmentally friendly and have abundant coordination groups.They can be easily grafted with functional groups with strong affinity for heavy metal cations and low pKa values,so they can give full play to complexation and electrostatic effects to enhance their acid-resistance and selectivity,which is an important development direction of acid-resistant highperformance modified organic polymer adsorbents.

关 键 词：强酸性 分离去除 有机高分子 吸附剂 重金属 

分 类 号：O647.3[理学—物理化学]