武汉农用地土壤中微塑料污染状况和生态风险初探  

POLLUTION SITUATION AND RISK ASSESSMENT OF MICROPLASTICS IN AGRICULTURAL SOIL IN WUHAN

作　　者：黄茜[1] 张俏俏 颜瑾 马晶晶 罗泽娇[1] HUANG Xi;ZHANG Qiaoqiao;YAN Jin;MA Jingjing;LUO Zejiao(Hubei Key Laboratory of Yangtze Catchment Environmental Aquatic Science,China University of Geosciences(Wuhan),Wuhan 430078,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学(武汉)长江流域环境水科学湖北省重点实验室,武汉430078

出　　处：《环境工程》2024年第6期136-145,共10页Environmental Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2020YFC1806804)。

摘　　要：土壤是塑料垃圾和微塑料的污染汇,研究农田土壤中微塑料污染状况和生态风险,可为土壤微塑料污染治理提供基础数据和理论依据。采集武汉市不同区域的大棚菜田土壤样品,通过尼罗红荧光染色法和拉曼光谱法对土壤中微塑料进行定量和定性分析,发现武汉市菜田耕作层土壤中微塑料丰度均值为(2938.9±1637.5)个/kg(以干重计),且以纤维和碎片形态为主;聚乙烯(PE)和聚丙烯(PP)是主要的聚合物类型,且二者显著正相关;采样区不同深度的微塑料具有形态和类型上的相似性;污染物负荷指数法评估风险显示所有采样区域风险等级均为Ⅰ类,采用风险指数法和潜在风险指数法评估,发现有聚氯乙烯(PVC)检出的采样点位风险较高,未来需要建立标准化的模型来评估微塑料的生态风险。Soil serves as a significant sink for plastic waste and microplastics.Investigating the pollution status and ecological risks of microplastics in agricultural soil can provide fundamental data and theoretical support for the management of soil microplastic pollution.In this study,soil samples were collected from greenhouse vegetable fields in different regions of Wuhan.Microplastics in the soil were quantitatively and qualitatively analyzed using the Nile Red fluorescence staining method and Raman spectroscopy.The results revealed an average abundance of microplastics in the cultivated layer soil of vegetable fields in Wuhan to be(2938.9±1637.5)particles per kilogram of dry weight(n/kg dw),predominantly in the form of fibers and fragments.Polyethylene(PE)and polypropylene(PP)were identified as the main polymer types,exhibiting a significant positive correlation.Microplastics at different depths in the sampling areas showed similarities in morphology and types.The risk assessment using the pollution load index method indicated a risk level of Class I for all sampled regions.However,the risk assessment using the risk index and potential risk index methods revealed higher risks at sampling points where polyvinyl chloride(PVC)was detected,suggesting the need for standardized models in the future to assess the ecological risks of microplastics.

关 键 词：微塑料 菜田土壤 污染状况 生态风险评估 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X826