2020年版《中华人民共和国药典》(一部)花类中药分析  

Analysis of Flowers Materia Medica Listed in China Pharmacopeia 2020 First Volume

作　　者：路立峰 胡冬梅 孙莹 张媛媛 邱召法 赵儒霞 LU Lifeng;HU Dongmei;SUN Ying;ZHANG Yuanyuan;QIU Zhaofa;ZHAO Ruxia(Shandong Drug and Food Vocational College,Shandong Weihai 264210,China)

机构地区：[1]山东药品食品职业学院,山东威海264210

出　　处：《中国医药导刊》2024年第5期470-478,共9页Chinese Journal of Medicinal Guide

基　　金：山东省中药材及饮片标准研究资助(2020-263);藜芦药材(2020-264)。

摘　　要：花类中药是祖国中医药宝库的重要组成部分。花类中药食药两用历史悠久,但其安全性评价研究、安全用量、适用范围和服用剂量,尚缺乏国际检验和评价标准,成为花类中药服务的制约因素。因此,亟需传承精华,守正创新,把现代科学技术同中医理论结合起来,把现代药理研究同物质基础结合起来,把理论研究同实际使用结合起来,对花类中药进行深度挖掘,推进花类中药的研究与创新,实现中医药的高质量发展。为厘清花类中药的现状,促进花类中药的研究与挖掘,本研究梳理了2020年版《中华人民共和国药典》收录的花类中药,分析了花类中药的科属部位、采收加工、性味归经、功能主治、用法用量和注意事项等,结果显示,2020年版《中华人民共和国药典》共收录33种花类中药,来源于21个科,以花蕾入药最多;有25种夏秋采收,12种盛开期采收,18种可晒干;药性以温性为主,味以甘味为多,主归肝、肺二经;因辛香质轻善升散,主散风,治头痛,疗热毒;内服、外用方式多样、多元,内服用量以5~10 g为主;芫花、闹羊花、洋金花三药为孕妇禁用。认为应加大花类中药的深度研究,科技赋能花类中药及产品,实现花类中药的高质量发展。Flowers materia medica(FMM)is an important part of the treasure-house of traditional Chinese medicine in China.FMM has a long history of dual-use of food and medicine,but its safety evaluation,safe dosage,applicable range and dosage,there are still lack of international testing and evaluation standards,and which become the constraints of FMM services.Therefore,it is urgent to inherit the essence,keep the integrity of innovation,combine modern science and technology with the theory of traditional Chinese medicine,combine modern pharmacological research with the material basis,and combine theoretical research with practical application,in order to promote the research and innovation of Chinese flower medicine and realize the high-quality development of Chinese medicine.To clarify the current situation of FMM,and promote the research and excavation of FMM,Through the statistics of the FMM included in the 2020 edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia,we analyzed their taxonomy information,medicinal tissue,harvesting and processing,flavor and meridian tropism,functional,usage and dosage,as well as precautions.There are 33 kinds of FMMs,originated from 21 families,with flower buds being the most common medicinal tissue of these FMMs,25 kinds are required to be harvested in summer and autumn,12 kinds should be harvested full bloom,and 18 kinds can be sun-dried.warm and sweet are the most common medicinal properties and taste,respectively,Liver and lung are the main channel tropism.Because the spicy fragrance and light texture is good to disperse,they are used mainly to disperses the wind,cures headaches,and treats heat toxin.Then they can also be used internally and externally with internal dosage about 5~10 g.Genkwa flos,Rhododendri Mollis flos and Daturae flos are prohibited for pregnant women.It is important to increase the in-depth research of FMM,technology and empowerment FMM and the related products,to finally realize the high-quality development of FMM.

关 键 词：花类中药 中华人民共和国药典 药用属性 性味归经 功能主治 

分 类 号：R286[医药卫生—中药学]