明代辽东都司下卫所舍余的职责  

Duties of Auxiliary Troops in the Garrison System of Eastern Liaoning Headquarters in the Ming Dynasty

作　　者：裴永亮 孟艳霞 Pei Yongliang;Meng Yanxia

机构地区：[1]渤海大学历史文化学院

出　　处：《军事历史》2024年第3期8-20,M0003,共14页Military History

基　　金：2022年渤海大学国家安全研究院项目“铸牢中华民族共同体意识与国家安全建设”(BDAQYJY0522ZX142);2021年渤海大学国家安全研究院招标课题项目“明代辽东边疆政策与边疆安全研究”(XK202134-20)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：明代辽东地区的卫所舍余是军政管理体系的重要组成部分,人数规模超过其他地区。其职责主要有充实营伍、参与军役、帮贴正军、金派役、派差杂役。充实营伍的方式主要有招募(集)、垛集和顶补三种;参与军役主要为调操、修边、守堡、屯田;帮贴正军的主要方式为供给军装及饲马、买马之役;金派役分为力差和银差,职责为修边、操守、守城、纳米、纳纸、纳草、纳柴、修仓、局造、窑造、跟官、斗级、狱卒、水手等;另外,卫所舍余还需承担一定的杂役,多为官员私役。繁重的差役加重了卫所舍余的负担,逃故现象多有发生,严重削弱了辽东地区的军事力量。In the Ming Dynasty,the auxiliary troops(Sheyu)of regional garrison in eastern Liaoning Province became an important asset of the military and administrative systems with exceeding number.Their duties included manning the camps,participating in military services,assisting the regular army,shouldering the corvees,and taking menial jobs.The auxiliary troops manned the camps through recruitment,draft and replacement.They participated in military services such as exercises,border defense,fort guarding,and settlement,and assisted the regular army by supplying uniforms,purchasing and raising horses.Their corvees involved labor and capitation.They also attended the official's private services.The heavy duties resulted in frequent desertion,and weakened the military strength in the region.

关 键 词：明代 辽东 卫所 舍余 

分 类 号：K248[历史地理—历史学] E291[历史地理—中国史] D691[军事—军事理论]