桂糖系列甘蔗种质表型性状的遗传多样性  

Genetic Diversity of Phenotypic Traits in the Germplasm Resources of Guitang Series Sugarcane

作　　者：杨翠芳[1,2] 段维兴 黄玉新[1] 周珊[1] 高轶静[1] 周忠凤[1] 张革民[1] 张保青[1] YANG Cuifang;DUAN Weixing;HUANG Yuxin;ZHOU Shan;GAO Yijing;ZHOU Zhongfeng;ZHANG Gemin;ZHANG Baoqing(Sugarcane Research Institute,Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement,Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement(Guangxi),Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Nanning 530007,China;Yunnan Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement,Kaiyuan 661699,China)

机构地区：[1]广西农业科学院甘蔗研究所,广西甘蔗遗传改良重点实验室,农业农村部广西甘蔗生物技术与遗传改良重点实验室,广西南宁530007 [2]云南省甘蔗遗传改良重点实验室,云南开远661699

出　　处：《云南农业大学学报（自然科学版）》2024年第3期25-32,共8页Journal of Yunnan Agricultural University:Natural Science

基　　金：广西科技重大专项(桂科AA22117002-1);广西自然科学基金项目(2024GXNSFAA010174,2023GXNSFAA026354);中国科学院华南植物园重点支持项目(E36101);国家糖料产业技术体系项目(CARS-17);广西农业科学院基本科研业务专项项目(桂农科2021JM35,桂农科2022-JM10,桂农科2021YT004);云南省甘蔗遗传改良重点实验室开放课题项目(2023KFKT005)。

摘　　要：【目的】分析桂糖系列甘蔗种质的主要表型性状及其遗传多样性,为提高其杂交育种效率提供参考。【方法】调查和测定广西甘蔗种质资源田间保育的164份桂糖系列甘蔗种质资源的21个质量性状和7个数量性状,采用多样性指数、遗传变异、相关性分析和聚类分析法进行遗传多样性分析。【结果】21个质量性状的遗传多样性指数在0.3866~1.9776之间,平均值为0.9217,以芽形最大,生长裂缝最小;7个数量性状的变异系数在7.11%~42.86%之间,平均值为27.11%。相关性分析表明:株高、茎径分别与单茎质量、蔗茎产量、糖产量呈极显著正相关;单茎质量、有效茎数分别与蔗茎产量、糖产量呈极显著正相关;蔗茎产量与糖产量呈极显著正相关。聚类分析表明:164份桂糖系列甘蔗种质可聚为6个类群,其中,第Ⅰ类群数量最多,综合性状表现优异;第Ⅱ类群平均茎径最大;第Ⅲ类群各性状均衡且有效茎数稍有优势;第Ⅳ类群平均株高最高;第Ⅴ类群平均锤度最高;第Ⅵ类群平均有效茎数最多。【结论】164份甘蔗种质的质量和数量性状变异较大,遗传多样性较丰富,不同类群甘蔗种质各具优点,在甘蔗育种过程中应根据育种目标选择杂交亲本。[Purpose]To analyze the major phenotypic traits and genetic diversity of Guitang series sugarcane germplasm resources,providing a reference for enhancing the efficiency of hybrid breeding in the Guitang series of sugarcane germplasm.[Methods]21 quality traits and seven quantitative traits were investigated and determined in 164 Guitang series sugarcane germplasm,which from the field conservation of sugarcane germplasm resources in Guangxi.Diversity index,genetic variation,correlation and cluster analysis were used to analyze the genetic diversity.[Results]The genetic diversity index for 21 quality traits ranged from 0.386 6 to 1.977 6 with an average of 0.921 7,with highest for bud shape and lowest for growth crack.The coefficient of variation for seven quantitative traits ranged from 7.11% to 42.86%,with an average of 27.11%.The correlation analysis showed that:plant height and stem diameter had an extremely significantly positive correlation with weight of per stalk,cane yield,and sugar yield,respectively;weight of per stalk and effective stalk number had an extremely significantly positive correlation with cane yield and sugar yield,respectively;cane yield had an extremely significantly positive correlation with sugar yield.The cluster analysis results showed that:the 164 Guitang series sugarcane germplasm could be divided into six categories.Among them,group Ⅰ had the largest number of accessions and excellent comprehensive character;the group Ⅱ had the largest average stem diameter;each character of group Ⅲ was balanced,and the effective stem number had a slight advantage;the average plant height of group Ⅳwas the highest;the average brix of group Ⅴ was the highest;the average effective stem number of group Ⅵ was the most.[Conclusion]The 164 sugarcane germplasm have great variation in quality and quantity characters and rich genetic diversity.Different groups of sugarcane germplasm have own advantages.So,the hybrid parents should be selected according to the breeding objectives in the process of

关 键 词：甘蔗 亲本 表型性状 遗传多样性 聚类分析 

分 类 号：S566.101[农业科学—作物学]