释放烟蚜茧蜂防治烟田烟蚜的生态效应评估技术  

Ecological Effect Evaluation Technology of Releasing Aphidius gifuensis to Control Myzus persicae in Tobacco Fields

作　　者：李宏[1] 马小洁 杨林林 杜广祖[2] 陈斌[2] 李皎[1] LI Hong;MA Xiaojie;YANG Linlin;DU Guangzu;CHEN Bin;LI Jiao(College of Economics and Management,Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming 650201,China;College of Plant Protection,Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming 650201,China)

机构地区：[1]云南农业大学经济管理学院,云南昆明650201 [2]云南农业大学植物保护学院,云南昆明650201

出　　处：《云南农业大学学报（自然科学版）》2024年第3期46-55,共10页Journal of Yunnan Agricultural University:Natural Science

基　　金：中国烟草总公司云南省公司科技计划项目(KY202253041640039,2015YN24)。

摘　　要：【目的】建立烟田规模化释放烟蚜茧蜂生物防治烟蚜的生态效应评价技术,为规模化释放天敌昆虫生物防治害虫的生态安全性评估提供科学依据。【方法】以2016—2017年云南省保山市隆阳区和大理白族自治州弥渡县长年释放烟蚜茧蜂防治烟蚜的烟田和未释放烟蚜茧蜂的烟田为试验地,系统开展释放烟蚜茧蜂烟田生物多样性指标分析及烟农问卷调查,筛选生态效应评价指标,构建基于层次分析法的释放烟蚜茧蜂防治烟蚜生态效应评价模型。【结果】构建了基于释放烟蚜茧蜂对烟田生物多样性的影响、对其他种类蚜茧蜂及蚜虫天敌的影响、烟蚜茧蜂的适生性/适应力、定殖可能性、存在可能性、对人畜健康及植物安全的影响、蚜茧蜂种群扩散与建立的可能性共计7个目标层、19个准则层和76个指标层构成的规模化释放烟蚜茧蜂防治烟蚜的生态效应评估技术及模型。应用该模型计算的2016年弥渡县和隆阳区烟田释放烟蚜茧蜂的生态效应值分别为2.65和2.51;2017年两地烟区释放烟蚜茧蜂烟田的生态安全值分别为2.56和2.50,与2016年的生态效应评价结果一致。【结论】本研究构建的模型可用于烟田释放烟蚜茧蜂防治烟蚜的生态效应评估。[Purpose]To construct a technique evaluation for the ecological effects of large-scale release of Aphidius gifuensis in tobacco fields as a biological control measure against Myzus persicae,providing scientific underpinning for the large-scale release of natural enemies in pest management.[Methods]Between 2016 and 2017,a systematic investigation was conducted based on tobacco fields in Longyang District of Baoshan City and Midu County in Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture,Yunnan Province,where A.gifuensis had been released long-term for M.persicae control,as well as in tobacco fields without such releases.A questionnaire survey among tobacco farmers was carried out to identify and screen the relevant ecological effect evaluation indicators.Subsequently,an ecological effect evaluation model for the release of A.gifuensis for M.persicae control was constructed using the analytic hierarchy process.[Results] An ecological effect evaluation technology and model of large-scale release A.gifuensis for M.persicae control was constructed,consisting of seven target layers,19 criterion layers and 76 index layers,which based on effects on tobacco field biodiversity,and other Aphidius species and other major natural enemies of aphids,A.gifuensis adaptability,colonization possibility,existence possibility,effect on human and animal health and plant safety,and population expansion and establishment possibility.Using this model,the ecological effect values of A.gifuensis released from tobacco fields in Midu County and Longyang District in 2016 were2.65 and 2.51,respectively;in 2017,the ecological safety values of the tobacco field released A.gifuensis were 2.56 and 2.50,respectively,which was consistent with the ecological effect assessment in 2016.[Conclusion]The model established in this study can be used to evaluate the ecological effects of A.gifuensis large-scale release for M.persicae control in tobacco fields.

关 键 词：生态效应 生物防治 烟蚜茧蜂 烟蚜 烟田生态系统 

分 类 号：S435.72[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]