烤烟苗期施用腐殖酸肥对低温胁迫的响应  

Responses of Flue-cured Tobacco Seedlings with Humic Acid Fertilized to Low Temperature Stress

作　　者：旷子扬 秦凌 金江华[3] 张赛 李旭[3] 黄杰 夏冰[1] 邓小华[1] KUANG Ziyang;QIN Ling;JIN Jianghua;ZHANG Sai;LI Xu;HUANG Jie;XIA Bing;DENG Xiaohua(College of Agronomy,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha 410128,China;Yongzhou Company,Hunan Tobacco Company,Yongzhou 425000,China;Jilin Tobacco Industry Co.,Ltd.,Yanji 133000,China;Chenzhou Company,Hunan Tobacco Company,Chenzhou 423000,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学农学院,湖南长沙410128 [2]湖南省烟草公司永州市公司,湖南永州425000 [3]吉林烟草工业有限责任公司,吉林延吉133000 [4]湖南省烟草公司郴州市公司,湖南郴州423000

出　　处：《云南农业大学学报（自然科学版）》2024年第3期72-78,共7页Journal of Yunnan Agricultural University:Natural Science

基　　金：湖南省烟草专卖局科技项目(19-22Aa03);吉林烟草工业有限责任公司科技项目(KJXM-2023-15)。

摘　　要：【目的】为应对湘南稻作烟区烤烟移栽期低温阴雨天气,促进烤烟早生快发。【方法】采用盆栽试验,研究腐殖酸肥(全能有机碳肥)在低温胁迫下对烟苗地上部分生长、根系生长、干物质积累与分配、叶片SPAD值、硝酸还原酶(NR)活性、丙二醛含量和抗氧化酶活性的影响。【结果】腐殖酸肥质量浓度对低温胁迫下烤烟生长发育具有双重效果,表现为低质量浓度促进、高质量浓度抑制。适量施用腐殖酸肥(单株417~833 mg)可减缓低温胁迫对烟苗的损伤,促进其根系和地上部生长、干物质积累以及烟苗根系活力,叶片SPAD值提高4.64%~5.80%,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性提升23.20%~50.26%,过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性提升5.39%~9.54%,过氧化物酶(POD)活性提升137.29%~151.43%;还可提高低温胁迫后烟苗的恢复生长能力,叶片SPAD值提高7.87%~10.64%,NR活性提升30.30%~42.42%,CAT活性提升0.89%~26.72%,POD活性提升90.91%~145.45%。【结论】施用腐殖酸肥可提高烟苗抗寒能力和恢复生长能力,有利于南方稻茬烟区烟苗早生快发。[Purpose]To cope with the low temperature and rainy weather of flue-cured tobacco transplanting period in the paddy-tobacco growing area in southern Hunan,promoting the early growth and rapid development of flue-cured tobacco.[Methods]Pot experiments were conducted to study the effects of applying humic acid fertilizer(all-round organic carbon fertilizer) to the aboveground growth,root growth,dry matter accumulation and distribution,leaf SPAD value,nitrate reductase(NR) activity,malondialdehyde content and antioxidant enzyme activity of tobacco seedlings under low temperature stress.[Results]Mass concentration of humic acid fertilizer had double effects on the growth and development of flue-cured tobacco under low temperature stress,showing low mass concentration promoted and high mass concentration inhibited.Proper application of humic acid fertilizer(417-833 mg per plant) could alleviate the damage of low temperature stress,promoting the growth of root and shoot,the accumulation of dry matter,and the root activity of tobacco seedlings;the SPAD value of leaves was increased by 4.64%-5.80%,superoxide dismutase(SOD) activity was increased by 23.20%-50.26%,catalase(CAT) activity was increased by 5.39%-9.54%,and peroxidase(POD) activity was increased by 137.29%-151.43%.At the same time,it could improve the recovery growth ability of tobacco seedlings after low temperature stress,the SPAD value of leaves increased by 7.87%-10.64%,the NR activity increased by 30.30%-42.42%,the CAT activity increased by 0.89%-26.72%,and the POD activity increased by 90.91%-145.45%.[Conclusion]The application of humic acid fertilizer can improve the cold resistance and growth recovery of tobacco seedlings,doing benefit to the early growth and rapid development of tobacco seedlings in southern paddytobacco growing area.

关 键 词：低温胁迫 腐殖酸肥 烟苗生长 烟叶生理生化指标 

分 类 号：S572.062[农业科学—烟草工业]