铜矿浮选捕收剂研究进展与展望  

A Crucial Review on Research Progress for Copper Ore Flotation Collectors

作　　者：王璐瑶 刘胜[1] 刘广义[1] 朱远斌 WANG Luyao;LIU Sheng;LIU Guangyi;ZHU Yuanbin(School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Central South University,Changsha 410083,China;Yunnan Tiefeng Mining&Chemical New Technology Co.Ltd.,Lufeng 651201,China)

机构地区：[1]中南大学化学化工学院,湖南长沙410083 [2]云南铁峰矿业化工新技术有限公司,云南禄丰651201

出　　处：《铜业工程》2024年第3期69-84,共16页Copper Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFC2904601);国家自然科学基金项目(51925406)资助。

摘　　要：浮选是铜矿分离回收最经济、最主要的富集方法。捕收剂可选择性调控铜矿物表面疏水性,增加铜矿物与脉石矿物间的疏水性差异,是铜矿浮选分离技术的核心要素。论文综述了硫化铜、氧化铜、氧化-硫化铜矿浮选捕收剂的研究进展,主要涉及黄药与黄原酸酯、黑药及其衍生物、硫氮与硫氮酯、硫氨酯和硫脲及其组合浮选硫化铜的最新研究成果;唑/嗪硫酮类等螯合剂浮选硫化铜的性能与机理;羟肟酸类、唑/嗪硫酮类等螯合捕收剂浮选氧化铜矿的性能与机理;巯基-肟基双配体螯合捕收剂和唑/嗪硫酮类等螯合剂同时疏水浮选氧化和硫化铜矿物的机制。最后,展望了铜矿浮选捕收剂的未来发展方向与应用前景。Copper is the most widely used non-ferrous metal and an indispensable clean energy component.Copper mainly comes from copper sulfide,copper oxide ore,and oxide-sulfide copper ores.Flotation is the most economical and primary enrichment method for separating and recovering copper minerals.Collectors can selectively adjust the hydrophobicity of copper minerals,increasing the dif⁃ference in hydrophobicity between them and gangue minerals,which is the core element of flotation separation.This paper reviews the research progress on flotation collectors for sulfide,oxide,and oxide-sulfide copper ores.It covers the latest progress in the flotation of sulfide copper ores using xanthates and xanthate esters,dithiophosphates and their derivatives,dithiocarbamates and dithiocarbamate esters,thiocarbamates and thioureas,and their combinations.It also discusses the hydrophobization performance and mechanism of azole/thiazine thiones to sulfide copper.Furthermore,it points out the performance and mechanism of chelating collectors for oxide cop⁃per ores,such as hydroxamic acids,azole/thiazine thiones,and others,as well as the simultaneous flotation mechanism on oxide and sul⁃fide copper minerals with azole/thiazine thiones or thiol-oxime collectors.The paper also outlines copper flotation collectors'future de⁃velopment and application prospects.

关 键 词：氧化铜矿 硫化铜矿 浮选 捕收剂 疏水机理 

分 类 号：TD952[矿业工程—选矿]