基于国内外大豆品种比较的中国大豆品种改良路径探索  

Exploration of Pathway on the Improvement of Chinese Soybean Varieties Based on Comparison Between China and Foreign Countries

作　　者：郭勇[1] 姜思琦 于莉莉[1] 徐江源 洪慧龙[1] 邱丽娟[1] GUO Yong;JIANG Siqi;YU Lili;XU Jiangyuan;HONG Huilong;QIU Lijuan(State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding,The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement(NFCRI)and MOA Key Lab of Soybean Biology(Beijing),Institute of Crop Science,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院作物科学研究所/作物基因资源与育种全国重点实验室/农作物基因资源与遗传改良国家重大科学工程/农业农村部北京大豆生物学重点实验室,北京100081

出　　处：《大豆科学》2024年第4期395-401,共7页Soybean Science

基　　金：农业生物育种重大项目(2022ZD04007)。

摘　　要：我国的大豆生产落后于世界大豆主产国,从品种角度看,存在着单产水平低、油分含量低等问题。本文对主产国大豆品种研发应用情况以及美国大豆品种发展趋势进行分析,明确了美国在大豆种质的资源研究、育种技术研发、品种特性鉴定以及环境因素研究等方面对于大豆品种研发的促进作用。通过对中美大豆品种特性的全面比较分析,明确我国大豆品种在单产、含油量、种植密度等方面的差距,提出了快速提升我国大豆品种产量和品质的路径,即通过对高油大豆资源进行表型精准鉴定,研发全基因组选择、转基因等高效育种技术,聚合产量和其他优异性状,创制优异大豆种质,设计培育高油高产突破性品种,以期为中国大豆品种改良研究提供参考。Soybean production of China lags behind the main soybean producing countries in the world.From the view of variety,low yield and oil content are the major problems.In this manuscript,the research and application of international soybean varieties and the development trend of soybean varieties in the United States are analyzed.The promoting roles of soybean germplasm characterization,breeding technology development,variety characteristic identification,and environmental factors research are clarified.The characteristics of soybean varieties between China and the United States are also analyzed and the differences in yield,oil content,planting density,and other aspects of soybean varieties are identified.Furthermore,a pathway to rapidly improve the yield and quality of soybean varieties in China were proposed,which including precise phenotypic identification of soybean germplasm with high oil,efficient development of breeding techniques such as whole genome selection and genetic transformation,development of excellent soybean germplasm to pyramid yield and other excellent traits,and cultivation of breakthrough varieties by molecular design.These content will provide information for the improvement research of soybean varieties in China.

关 键 词：大豆 品种改良 高油高产 路径 

分 类 号：S565.1[农业科学—作物学]