不同夜间温度条件下外源水杨酸对大豆产量的调控作用  

Effects of Exogenous Salicylic Acid on Yield of Soybean Under Different Night Temperatures

作　　者：张仲法 宋雯雯[2] 徐彩龙 陈新蕾 吴佩杭 王书君 陈磊[1] 吴存祥[2] ZHANG Zhongfa;SONG Wenwen;XU Cailong;CHEN Xinlei;WU Peihang;WANG Shujun;CHEN Lei;WU Cunxiang(School of Life Sciences,Yantai University,Yantai 264005,China;Institute of Crop Sciences,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Soybean Industrial Technology R&D Center,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]烟台大学生命科学学院,山东烟台264005 [2]中国农业科学院作物科学研究所/国家大豆产业技术研发中心,北京100081

出　　处：《大豆科学》2024年第4期439-449,共11页Soybean Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2023YFE0105000);国家自然科学基金(32101845);现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-04)。

摘　　要：在全球气候变暖的背景下,夜间高温成为大豆高产的不利因素之一。水杨酸(Salicylic Acid,SA)是一种重要的植物激素,外源喷施SA可提升植物应对高温干旱等逆境的能力。为探究夜间高温危害的应对措施,选用2种生育期相近的大豆品种中黄39和中黄76,设置3个夜间温度(T1:18℃;T2:23℃;T3:28℃),每个夜间温度下设置3个SA浓度处理(SA0:CK;SA1:0.1 mmol·L^(-1) SA;SA2:0.5 mmol·L^(-1) SA)。探讨外源SA对鼓粒期夜间温度升高环境下大豆产量的调控作用。结果表明:与T1+CK处理相比,夜间温度升高,大豆单株荚数、单株粒数、地上部干物质、产量和收获指数均下降,中黄39和中黄76产量分别降低6.34%~27.13%和14.99%~45.66%。夜间温度升高,喷施SA可显著提高大豆净光合速率、地上部干物质、单株荚数和粒数,降低呼吸强度,使产量和收获指数显著提升,中黄39和中黄76表现一致。其中,28℃夜间温度条件下,喷施SA处理大豆产量增幅达45.69%~48.55%。研究结果表明,外施SA可以在一定程度上缓解夜间高温造成的大豆产量损失,提高收获指数。In the context of global climate warming,high night temperatures have emerged as a detrimental factor impacting soybean yield.Therefore,it is crucial to explore effective strategies to mitigate the negative effects caused by elevated night temperatures.Salicylic Acid(SA),an essential plant hormone,has been proven to enhance plants′resilience against stressors like high temperature and drought when externally applied.In this study,two soybean varieties at similar growth stages,namely Zhonghuang 39 and Zhonghuang 76,were selected for experimentation.The experiment involved setting three different night temperatures(T1:18℃,T2:23℃,T3:28℃)and applying three concentrations of SA(SA0:CK,SA1:0.1 mmol·L^(-1) SA,SA2:0.5 mmol·L^(-1) SA)under each respective temperature condition in order to investigate the regulatory effect of exogenous SA on soybean yield during the seed filling stage under elevated night temperatures.The research findings demonstrate that an increase in night temperature results in a reduction in the number of soybean pods per plant,seeds per plant,above ground biomass,yield,and harvest index when compared to the T1+CK treatment.With elevated night temperatures,the yield of Zhonghuang 39 and Zhonghuang 76 decreased by 6.34%-27.13%and 14.99%-45.66%,respectively.With the temperature increased at night,application of SA can significantly enhance soybean net photosynthetic rate,above ground biomass,pods number per plant and seeds yield while reducing respiration intensity,thereby substantially improving yield and harvest index.The performance consistency is observed across both varieties.Among them,when exposed to temperature of 28℃at night,the application of SA through spraying can result in an increase in soybean yield ranging from 45.69%to 48.55%.The research findings suggest that external administration of SA can partially mitigate the yield loss caused by high night temperatures and enhance the harvest index.

关 键 词：大豆 夜间温度 水杨酸 产量 收获指数 

分 类 号：S565.1[农业科学—作物学]