新疆鲜食葡萄老旧园提质增效栽培新模式探索  

Explore of New Mode of Improvement of Quality and Efficiency of Old Table Grape Orchard in Xinjiang

作　　者：樊雯娟 许玲[2] 丁明 马兰 马巨明 徐锡强 Fan Wenjuan;Xu Ling;Ding Ming;Ma Lan;Ma Juming;Xu Xiqiang(Changji Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Technology Promotion Center,Changji,Xinjiang 831100,China;Fruit Research Institute,Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Fuzhou,Fujan 350013,China;Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Technology Promotion Center,Changji,Xinjiang 831100,China;Changji Xinchanglong Fruit and Vegetable Professional Cooperative,Changji,Xinjiang 831100,China)

机构地区：[1]昌吉市农牧业技术推广中心,新疆昌吉831100 [2]福建省农业科学院果树研究所,福建福州350013 [3]昌吉州农牧业技术推广中心,新疆昌吉831100 [4]昌吉市新昌隆果蔬专业合作社,新疆昌吉831100

出　　处：《东南园艺》2024年第2期134-138,共5页Southeast Horticulture

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区科技特派员农村科技创业行动项目(2022BKF181);福建省农业科学院东西部协作项目(DKBF-2023-07)。

摘　　要：【目的】在新疆昌吉鲜食葡萄的老旧生产园,探索一种能提高葡萄果实品质和经济收益的栽培新模式,以供推广应用。【方法】对‘红地球’葡萄老旧园,在施肥、新梢和果穗处理、病虫害防治等方面采取优化栽培措施,形成提质增效新模式,以常规栽培模式为对照进行比较试验。【结果】与常规模式相比,以新模式生产的葡萄果穗数、果穗重量和产量均显著降低,而植株长势健壮,穗前叶面积增大,果穗紧密度中,病果率低,果实外观色泽好,果粉厚,硬度大,果粒重量达12.4 g/粒,可溶性固形物含量18.3%;果品单价提高3元/kg,效益显著提升,每667 m2可增加利润2820.3元;葡萄贮藏时间比常规模式可延长30 d以上,果实贮藏性显著提升。【结论】以常规模式生产的葡萄数量多但质量不佳,效益无法保证,而采用提质增效栽培新模式,以提高葡萄质量为目标,使果实品质得以明显提升,增加了生产效益,可以在新疆鲜食葡萄老旧园推广应用。【Objective】To explore a new cultivation mode to improve fruit quality and economic of grape in old orchards of Changji,Xinjiang for promotion and application.【Method】In old orchard of grape‘Red Globe’,some optimized cultivation measures,including fertilizer application,new shoot and cluster treatment,control of diseases and pests and others,form a new mode of improving quality and efficiency,were adopted with normal cultivation mode as control.【Result】Compared with that by normal cultivation mode,cluster number,cluster weight and yield by new cultivation mode had decreased while plant vigor become stronger,leaf area before cluster become larger,cluster density was medium,diseased fruit rate decreased,fruit color showed better,fruit skin powder was thick,fruit texture was hard,average berry weight reached 12.4g and soluble solids content was 18.3%.Unit price was improved by 3 yuan/kg and economic benefits was significantly increased when profit was increased by 2820.3 yuan per 667 m~2.Storage time by new cultivation mode was prolonged to 30 d compared that by normal cultivation mode,showing that storage property were significantly improved.【Conclusion】There was high yield but not high quality of fruit by normal cultivation mode,so economic benefits could not be guaranteed.Taking improvement of fruit quality as target,new cultivation mode of improvement of quality and efficiency could lead to significant improvement of fruit quality and production benefits.Therefore,new cultivation mode could be promoted and applied in old orchards of table grape in Changji City.

关 键 词：鲜食葡萄 老旧园 提质增效 栽培模式 

分 类 号：S663.1[农业科学—果树学]