聚氯乙烯纤维熔融纺丝及其结构与性能  

Melt spinning of polyvinyl chloride(PVC)fibers and their structure and properties

作　　者：范洋瑞 钱建华[1] 余德游 郭玉海[1] 戴宏翔 李成才[1] FAN Yangrui;QIAN Jianhua;YU Deyou;GUO Yuhai;DAI Hongxiang;LI Chengcai(College of Textile Science and Engineering(International Institute of Silk),Zhejiang Sci-Tech University,Hangzhou 310018,China;Hangzhou Quality and Technical Supervision and Testing Institute,Hangzhou 310019,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江理工大学纺织科学与工程学院(国际丝绸学院),杭州310018 [2]杭州市质量技术监督检测院,杭州310019

出　　处：《现代纺织技术》2024年第7期42-47,共6页Advanced Textile Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(21706238)。

摘　　要：为了通过熔融纺丝方法制备出性能优良的聚氯乙烯(PVC)纤维,在聚氯乙烯粉体共混改性造粒的基础上,调整熔融纺丝的工艺参数,研究纺丝温度和牵伸倍数等工艺条件对纤维结构与性能的影响,并对纤维的断裂强度、断裂伸长率、取向度、表面形貌、截面形貌以及耐酸、碱腐蚀性能、阻燃性能进行测试分析。结果表明:当喷丝板距离水浴1 cm距离、螺杆温度为160℃、喷丝板温度为190℃、热水浴温度为60℃、计量泵压力为2 MPa、牵伸倍数为4倍时,制得的PVC纤维性能较好,其断裂强度、断裂伸长率、线密度分别为1.16 cN/dtex、32.1%、12 tex,并且具有优异的耐酸、碱腐蚀性能和阻燃性能。研究结果为制备高性能的PVC纤维提供了一种新的方法。Polyvinyl chloride is a non-toxic,odorless,and widely used thermoplastic material.It has advantages such as good flame retardancy,acid and alkali resistance,low price,good physical properties,and electrical insulation.It is currently one of the most widely used plastics.However,due to its poor stability to light and heat,it can decompose and produce hydrogen chloride when exposed to sunlight above 100℃or for a long time,causing discoloration and rapid decline in physical and mechanical properties.When applying,it is necessary to add plasticizers,heat stabilizers,and other additives to improve the stability of PVC materials to light and heat.The traditional methods for PVC spinning and forming are wet spinning and dry spinning,but both methods require PVC resin to swell in acetone.However,acetone itself is toxic,and solvent recovery is harmful to the environment.The melt spinning method lags behind other technologies due to the poor heat resistance of PVC and its thermal decomposition and carbonization at high temperatures.This article used heat stabilizers and plasticizers to modify PVC resin to make it resistant to high temperatures and enable smooth melt spinning.The melt spinning process of PVC fibers was studied.The melt flow index instrument was used to test the melting temperature of PVC granules to preliminarily determine the optimal spinning temperature.The effects of different spinning temperatures and drafting ratios on the structure and properties of PVC fibers were studied.And research on the breaking strength,elongation at break,crystallinity,surface and cross-sectional morphology,as well as acid and alkali corrosion resistance and flame retardancy of the fibers were conducted.Through comparative experiments,it is found that the optimal comprehensive mechanical properties of PVC fibers are obtained when the screw temperature is 160℃and the spinneret temperature is 190℃.When the drawing ratio is 4,the breaking strength and orientation of PVC fibers are the highest.The best spinning parameters ob

关 键 词：聚氯乙烯纤维 熔融纺丝 力学性能 耐腐蚀性能 牵伸工艺 

分 类 号：TQ342.51[化学工程—化纤工业]