生活垃圾焚烧系统中Pb和Cd的迁移转化特性  

The migration and transformation characteristics of Pb and Cd in domestic solid waste incineration system

作　　者：刘亮[1] 赵广民 刘启任 卿梦霞 谢林员 LIU Liang;ZHAO Guangmin;LIU Qiren;QING Mengxia;XIE Linyuan(School of Energy and Power Engineering,Changsha University of Technology,Changsha Hunan 410114)

机构地区：[1]长沙理工大学能源与动力工程学院,湖南长沙410114

出　　处：《环境污染与防治》2024年第7期964-969,共6页Environmental Pollution & Control

基　　金：湖南省教育厅科学研究重点项目(No.21A0201);长沙理工大学研究生“实践创新与创业能力提升计划”项目(No.CLSJCX23087);湖南省大学生创新创业训练计划项目(No.S202310536119)。

摘　　要：为明晰垃圾焚烧系统中Pb和Cd的迁移转化特性,以处理规模500 t/d的城市生活垃圾焚烧系统为研究对象,对系统中不同位置产生的灰渣中Pb和Cd富集特性、浸出毒性和赋存形态进行分析。结果表明:底渣和二三烟道中主要晶相矿物为SiO_(2)和CaCO_(3),水平烟道灰、尾部烟道灰中主要晶相矿物为SiO_(2)、KCl、NaCl、CaCO_(3)和CaSO_(4),布袋除尘器灰中CaOHCl为Ca(OH)_(2)吸收HCl形成的产物;Cd和Pb分别在尾部烟道灰和布袋除尘器灰中富集程度最高,水平烟道灰中Cd、尾部烟道灰和布袋除尘器灰中Pb和Cd的浸出浓度高于《危险废物鉴别标准浸出毒性鉴别》(GB 5085.3—2007)限值;底渣和二三烟道灰中Pb以多种赋存形态存在,水平烟道灰和尾部烟道灰中Pb主要以残渣态形态存在,随着烟气温度的降低,尾部烟道灰和布袋除尘器灰中的酸可溶态Pb含量有所上升;底渣和二三烟道灰中Cd主要以可还原态和残渣态形态存在,水平烟道灰和尾部烟道灰中Cd主要以酸可溶态形态存在,布袋除尘器灰中酸可溶态Cd明显减少,主要为可还原态。In order to clarify the migration and transformation characteristics of Pb and Cd in the solid waste incineration system,a municipal solid waste incineration system with a treatment scale of 500 t/d was used as the research object,and in-depth analysis of the enrichment characteristics,leaching toxicity and occurrence forms of Pb and Cd in the ash generated at different locations in the solid waste incineration system were carried out.The results showed that the main crystalline phase minerals in the bottom ash and the second and third flue ash were SiO_(2)and CaCO_(3),and the main crystalline phase minerals in the horizontal flue ash and the tail flue ash were SiO_(2),KCl,NaCl,CaCO_(3),and CaSO_(4),and CaOHCl in the bag filter ash was the product formed during the absorption of HCl by Ca(OH)_(2);Cd and Pb were enriched to the highest degree in the tail flue ash and bag filter ash respectively,and the leaching concentrations of Cd in the horizontal flue ash,Pb and Cd in the tail flue ash and bag filter ash were higher than the limiting standards of“Identification standards for hazardous wastes-identification for extraction toxicity”(GB 5085.3-2007);Pb existed in various forms in the bottom ash and second and third flue ash,while Pb in the horizontal flue ash and tail flue ash mainly existed in the form of residue.As the flue gas temperature decreased,the acid soluble Pb content in the tail flue ash and bag filter ash increased.Cd in bottom ash and second and third flue ash mainly existed in reducible and residual forms,while Cd in horizontal flue ash and tail flue ash mainly existed in acid soluble form.The acid soluble Cd in bag filter ash was significantly reduced and mainly existed in reducible form.

关 键 词：垃圾焚烧 PB Cd 富集特性 浸出毒性 赋存形态 

分 类 号：X799.3[环境科学与工程—环境工程]