土壤碳氮循环综合研究支撑农业可持续发展  

Fundamental theory and technological innovation in soil carbon and nitrogen cycling:Promoting sustainable development of agriculture

作　　者：赵旭[1,2,3] 夏龙龙[1,2] 夏永秋 颜晓元 ZHAO Xu;XIA Longong;XIA Yongqiu;YAN Xiaoyuan(State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture,Institute of Soil Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 211135,China;Changshu National Agro-Ecosystem Observation and Research Station,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Suzhou 215555,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing,Nanjing 211135,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院南京土壤研究所土壤与农业可持续发展重点实验室(中国科学院),南京211135 [2]中国科学院常熟农业生态实验站,苏州215555 [3]中国科学院大学南京学院,南京211135

出　　处：《中国科学院院刊》2024年第7期1276-1287,共12页Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences

基　　金：中国科学院青年创新促进会优秀会员基金(Y201956);国家自然科学基金(30390080、42177401、42061124001);国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0200104、2021YFD1700802)。

摘　　要：常熟农业生态实验站(以下简称“常熟站”)成立于1987年,是中国科学院设在长江三角洲地区的唯一从事农业、资源与生态环境多学科综合观测、研究与示范基地。建站以来,常熟站在全国率先开展土壤氮素循环、农田固碳减排、农业面源污染等颇具特色的系统研究工作。近5年来,围绕我国农业可持续发展的优化施氮、碳减排与面源污染治理三大科技问题,创建了以经济和环境经济指标为依据的全国水稻适宜施氮量分区确定方法,提出了生物炭施用结合氮肥优化管理与生物炭生产过程生物油/气资源化利用实现我国粮食生产碳中和的技术路径,构建了耦合景观格局和生态过程的南方稻作区面源污染本土化模型,为我国持续推动农业减污降碳增效协同提供了重要科技支撑。The Changshu National Agro-Ecosystem Observation and Research Station(hereinafter referred to as Changshu Station)was officially established in 1987.Changshu Station is the only multidisciplinary comprehensive observation,research,and demonstration station within Chinese Academy of Sciences in the Yangtze River Delta region,focusing on researches about agricultural production,resources utilization,and environmental protection.Since its establishment,Changshu Station is the pioneer in conducting systematic observational research on soil nitrogen cycling,soil carbon sequestration,greenhouse gas(GHG)mitigation,and agricultural non-point source pollution.Over the past five years,Changshu Station has focused on three major scientific issues facing green and sustainable agricultural production in China:nitrogen fertilization optimization,carbon sequestration and GHG mitigation,and non-point source pollution controlling.Accordingly,it has developed a nationwide method for determining the optimal nitrogen application rates for rice production based on economic and environmental indicators,proposed a technical pathway to achieve carbon neutrality for grain production through the combined use of biochar and optimized nitrogen fertilization management with resource utilization of bio-oil/gas produced during biochar production.Additionally,it has constructed a localized model for stimulating agricultural non-point source pollution in southern rice-growing watersheds that couples landscape patterns and ecological processes.These efforts have resulted in a series of internationally influential and domestically leading innovative achievements,providing significant scientific support for promoting synergistic pollution reduction and GHG mitigation for agricultural production in China.

关 键 词：肥料氮去向 适宜施氮量 温室气体排放 固碳减排 成污机制 面源污染模型 

分 类 号：S181[农业科学—农业基础科学]